A comparative study on nonlocal diffusion operators related to the fractional Laplacian

DOI10.3934/DCDSB.2018110zbMATH Open1404.45003arXiv1711.06916OpenAlexW2768690360MaRDI QIDQ1756986FDOQ1756986

Authors: Siwei Duo, Hong Wang, Yunzhi Zhang 

Publication date: 28 December 2018

Published in: Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems. Series B (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: In this paper, we study four nonlocal diffusion operators, including the fractional Laplacian, spectral fractional Laplacian, regional fractional Laplacian, and peridynamic operator. These operators represent the infinitesimal generators of different stochastic processes, and especially their differences on a bounded domain are significant. We provide extensive numerical experiments to understand and compare their differences. We find that these four operators collapse to the classical Laplace operator as alpha o 2. The eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of these four operators are different, and the k-th (for k in N) eigenvalue of the spectral fractional Laplacian is always larger than those of the fractional Laplacian and regional fractional Laplacian. For any alpha in (0, 2), the peridynamic operator can provide a good approximation to the fractional Laplacian, if the horizon size delta is sufficiently large. We find that the solution of the peridynamic model converges to that of the fractional Laplacian model at a rate of O(delta^{-alpha}). In contrast, although the regional fractional Laplacian can be used to approximate the fractional Laplacian as alpha o 2, it generally provides inconsistent result from that of the fractional Laplacian if alpha ll 2. Moreover, some conjectures are made from our numerical results, which could contribute to the mathematics analysis on these operators.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.06916

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zbMATH Keywords

fractional Laplacianspectral fractional Laplacianperidynamic operatorfractional Poisson equationregional fractional Laplacianextended homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Numerical methods for integral equations (65R20) Finite difference methods for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs (65M06) Finite difference methods for boundary value problems involving PDEs (65N06) Integral equations with kernels of Cauchy type (45E05)

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