Highly accurate operator factorization methods for the integral fractional Laplacian and its generalization

DOI10.3934/DCDSS.2022016MaRDI QIDQ2129154zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Yixuan Wu, Yunzhi Zhang

Publication date 22 April 2022

Published in Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems. Series S (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.03658

zbMATH Keywords

fractional LaplacianLagrange basis functionsoperator factorizationfractional Poisson problemstempered fractional Laplacian

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Numerical methods for integral equations (65R20) Applications of operator theory in numerical analysis (47N40) Spectral, collocation and related methods for boundary value problems involving PDEs (65N35)

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a new class of operator factorization methods to discretize the integral fractional Laplacian $(-Delta{)}^{f}racalpha2$ for $alphain(0,2)$. The main advantage of our method is to easily increase numerical accuracy by using high-degree Lagrange basis functions, but remain the scheme structure and computer implementation unchanged. Moreover, our discretization of the fractional Laplacian results in a symmetric (multilevel) Toeplitz differentiation matrix, which not only saves memory cost in simulations but enables efficient computations via the fast Fourier transforms. The performance of our method in both approximating the fractional Laplacian and solving the fractional Poisson problems was detailedly examined. It shows that our method has an optimal accuracy of $mathcalO(h^2)$ for constant or linear basis functions, while $mathcalO(h^4)$ if quadratic basis functions are used, with $h$ a small mesh size. Note that this accuracy holds for any $alphain(0,2)$ and can be further increased if higher-degree basis functions are used. If the solution of fractional Poisson problem satisfies $$ for $minmathbbN$ and $0<l<1$, then our method has an accuracy of $$ for constant and linear basis functions, while $$ for quadratic basis functions. Additionally, our method can be readily applied to study generalized fractional Laplacians with a symmetric kernel function, and numerical study on the tempered fractional Poisson problem demonstrates its efficiency.

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Cited in

(6)

• A novel and accurate finite difference method for the fractional Laplacian and the fractional Poisson problem
• Numerical approximations for the tempered fractional Laplacian: error analysis and applications
• A novel and simple spectral method for nonlocal PDEs with the fractional Laplacian
• Accurate numerical methods for two and three dimensional integral fractional Laplacian with applications
• Efficient algorithms for computing multidimensional integral fractional Laplacians via spherical means
• Error Estimates of Finite Difference Methods for the Fractional Poisson Equation with Extended Nonhomogeneous Boundary Conditions

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