Isotone maps on lattices

DOI10.1007/S00012-012-0191-2MaRDI QIDQ1762477zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 27 November 2012

Published in Algebra Universalis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1103.1339

free lattice on a partial lattice free product of lattices isotone map prevarieties of lattices quasivarieties of lattices semilattice varieties of lattices

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Varieties of lattices (06B20) Complete lattices, completions (06B23) Free lattices, projective lattices, word problems (06B25)

Abstract: Let (L_i : iin I) be a family of lattices in a nontrivial lattice variety V, and let phi_i: L_i --> M, for iin I, be isotone maps (not assumed to be lattice homomorphisms) to a common lattice M (not assumed to lie in V). We show that the maps phi_i can be extended to an isotone map phi: L --> M, where L is the free product of the L_i in V. This was known for V the variety of all lattices (Yu. I. Sorkin 1952). The above free product L can be viewed as the free lattice in V on the partial lattice P formed by the disjoint union of the L_i. The analog of the above result does not, however, hold for the free lattice L on an arbitrary partial lattice P. We show that the only codomain lattices M for which that more general statement holds are the complete lattices. On the other hand, we prove the analog of our main result for a class of partial lattices P that are not-quite-disjoint unions of lattices. We also obtain some results similar to our main one, but with the relationship lattices:orders replaced either by semilattices:orders or by lattices:semilattices. Some open questions are noted.

Review text

The main result of the present paper is the following theorem: Let \textbf{V} be a nontrivial variety of lattices, \({\mathcal L}=(L_i\,|\,i\in I)\) a family of lattices in \textbf{V} and Free(\({\mathcal L}\),\textbf{V}) the free product of the \(L_i\) in \textbf{V}. Furthermore, let \(M\) be a lattice \text{(}not necessarily in \textbf{V}\text{)} and \((\varphi_i:L_i\to M\,|\,i\in I)\) a family of isotone maps from the \(L_i\) to \(M\). Then there exists an isotone map \(\varphi:\;\)Free(\({\mathcal L}\),\textbf{V})\(\;\to M\) whose restriction to each \(L_i\) is \(\varphi_i\). This result was already known for \textbf{V} = \textbf{L}, the variety of all lattices; see [\textit{Yu.~I.~Sorkin}, Mat. Sb., N. Ser. 30(72), 677--694 (1952; Zbl 0047.02903); \textit{G.~Grätzer} et al., Fundam.\ Math.\ 69, 233--240 (1970; Zbl 0206.29703)]. Free(\({\mathcal L}\),\textbf{V}) may be regarded as the free lattice (in \textbf{V}) on the partial lattice given by the disjoint union of the \(L_i\). So there arises the natural question: When does the analog of the above theorem hold for the inclusion of a general partial lattice \(P\) in its free lattice Free \(P\)? For this case, the authors show the following result: Let \(M\) be a lattice. Then the following conditions are equivalent: (1) \(M\) is complete. (2) Any isotone map from a partial lattice \(P\) to \(M\) can be extended to an isotone map from Free \(P\) to \(M\). Furthermore, for lattices \(L_i\) amalgamated over a convex retract, an analog of the main result is proved. Finally, several ``semilattice variants are given. The paper is well organized and written in a very clear style. The proofs are partly rather tricky and hard.

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