Holomorphic helix of proper order 3 on a complex hyperbolic plane
A smooth curve \(\gamma\) on a Riemannian manifold \(M\), parametrized by arclength is called a helix of proper order \(d\) if there exist orthonormal frame fields \(\{V_1 = \dot{\gamma}, V_2, \ldots, V_d\}\) along \(\gamma\) and positive constants \(\kappa_i\) (\(i\)th curvature), \(i=1,\ldots , d-1\), satisfying the Frenet-type system of ordinary differential equations \[ \nabla_{\dot{\gamma}}V_j(s)=-{\kappa}_{j-1}V_{j-1}(s)+{\kappa}_jV_{j+1}(s), \qquad j=1,\ldots, d, \] where, by convention, \(V_0\) and \(V_{d+1}\) are null vector fields along \(\gamma\). For a helix \(\gamma\) of proper order \(d\) on a Kähler manifold with complex structure \(J\) and Riemannian metric \(\langle\;,\;\rangle\), its complex torsions, defined by \(\tau_{i,j}=\langle V_i, JV_j\rangle\), \(1\leq i<j\leq d\), are real analytic functions. A helix is holomorphic if all its complex torsions are constant functions. The main result of this paper is: In a complex hyperbolic plane \({\mathbb C}H^2(-4)\) of holomorphic sectional curvature \(-4\), a holomorphic helix of proper order 3 is not bounded if its curvatures satisfy either \({\kappa_2}^2 \geq 1/3\) or \({\kappa_1}^2+{\kappa_2}^2\leq 3\). The authors also give several conditions, based on the relative values of \(\kappa_1\) and \(\kappa_2\), for which a holomorphic helix of proper order 3 is bounded, unbounded with limit points at infinity, or a horocycle.
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