A new thermodynamics from nuclei to stars

DOI10.3390/E6010158MaRDI QIDQ1769745zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Dieter E. H. Gross

Publication date 22 March 2005

Published in Entropy (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0302267, http://www.mdpi.org/entropy/htm/e6010158.htm

zbMATH Keywords

classical thermo-statisticsnon-extensive systems

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Thermodynamics and heat transfer (80A99) Astronomy and astrophysics (85A99)

Abstract: Equilibrium statistics of Hamiltonian systems is correctly described by the microcanonical ensemble. Classically this is the manifold of all points in the $N-$body phase space with the given total energy. Due to Boltzmann's principle, $e^S=tr(delta(E-H))$, its geometrical size is related to the entropy $S(E,N,\mathrm{...})$. This definition does not invoke any information theory, no thermodynamic limit, no extensivity, and no homogeneity assumption, as are needed in conventional (canonical) thermo-statistics. Therefore, it describes the equilibrium statistics of extensive as well of non-extensive systems. Due to this fact it is the {em fundamental} definition of any classical equilibrium statistics. It can address nuclei and astrophysical objects as well. All kind of phase transitions can be distinguished sharply and uniquely for even small systems. For transitions in nuclear physics the scaling to an hypothetical uncharged nuclear matter with an $N/Z-$ ratio like realistic nuclei is not needed.

Review text

Summary: Equilibrium statistics of Hamiltonian systems is correctly described by the microcanonical ensemble. Classically this is the manifold of all points in the \(N\)-body phase space with the given total energy. Due to Boltzmann's principle, \(e^S= \text{tr}(\delta(E-H))\), its geometrical size is related to the entropy \(S(E,N,\dots)\). This definition does not invoke any information theory, no thermodynamic limit, no extensivity, and no homogeneity assumption, as are needed in conventional (canonical) thermo-statistics. Therefore, it describes the equilibrium statistics of extensive as well of non-extensive systems. Due to this fact it is the fundamental definition of any classical equilibrium statistics. It can address nuclei and astrophysical objects as well. All kind of phase transitions can be distinguished sharply and uniquely for even small systems. It is further shown that the second law is a natural consequence of the statistical nature of thermodynamics which describes all systems with the same -- redundant -- set of few control parameters simultaneously. It has nothing to do with the thermodynamic limit. It even works in systems which are by far than any thermodynamic ``limit.

Recommendations

• Micro-canonical statistical mechanics of some non-extensive systems
• Phase transitions in ``small systems -- a challenge for thermodynamics
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1454109
• Strong chaos in \(N\)-body problem and microcanonical thermodynamics of collisionless self gravitating systems
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Cites work

• Entropy evolution for the Baker map
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1454109 (Why is no real title available?)
• The physics and mathematics of the second law of thermodynamics

Cited in

(4)

• Thermodynamic interpretation of the uniformity of the phase space probability measure
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1454109 (Why is no real title available?)
• Micro-canonical statistical mechanics of some non-extensive systems
• Monte Carlo investigation of the phase transition in the 2D Potts model with open boundary conditions

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