Remarks on Brualdi's theorem for spectrum illusion region of an irreducible matrix
Let \(A=(a_{ij})\in{\mathbb C}^{n\times n}\), then its comparison matrix \(\mu(A)=(\mu_{ij})\in {\mathbb R}^{n\times n}\) is given by \(\mu_{ii}=| a_{ii}| \) and \(\mu_{ij}=-| a_{ij}| \) for \(i\neq j\). A matrix \(A\) is a singular irreducible \(M\)-matrix, if there exists a nonnegative matrix \(B\) with spectral radius \(\rho\) such that \(A=\rho I-B\). \textit{R. A. Brualdi} [Linear Multilinear Algebra 11, 143--165 (1982; Zbl 0484.15007)] has given an inclusion region \({\mathcal R}(A)\) for the eigenvalues of an irreducible matrix \(A\). This technical note first proves necessary and sufficient conditions for a matrix \(A\) to be singular when \(\mu(A)\) is a singular irreducible \(M\)-matrix. This result is used to prove necessary and sufficient conditions for a boundary value of the Brualdi inclusion region \({\mathcal R}(A)\) of an irreducible matrix \(A\) to be an eigenvalue of \(A\).
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