The Capelli identity, tube domains, and the generalized Laplace transform

Capelli identity differential identities differential operator Jordan algebra positive definite Hermitian matrices reductive Lie algebra symmetric space

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Lie algebras of vector fields and related (super) algebras (17B66) Finite-dimensional structures of Jordan algebras (17C55) Lie algebras of Lie groups (22E60) Harmonic analysis on homogeneous spaces (43A85)

Review text

Let \(\mathfrak n\) be a real (finite dimensional) simple and formally real Jordan algebra. For any \(x\in{\mathfrak n}\), let \(L(x)\) denote the operator of left multiplication by \(x\). Let \({\mathfrak p}=\{L(x)\mid x\in{\mathfrak n}\}\), \({\mathfrak t}=[{\mathfrak p,p}]\) and \({\mathfrak g}={\mathfrak t}+{\mathfrak p}\). Then \(\mathfrak g\) is a reductive Lie algebra. Let \(G\) (resp. \(K\)) be the analytic subgroup of \(GL({\mathfrak n})\) corresponding to \(\mathfrak g\) (resp. \(\mathfrak t\)). Then \(C=G/K\) is a symmetric space, which is a self-dual cone in \(\mathfrak n\). If one identifies \(\mathfrak n\) with its dual via a \(K\)- invariant positive definite bilinear form, then the norm \(\varphi\) of \(\mathfrak n\) (which is a polynomial function of degree \(n=\text{rk }{\mathfrak n}\) on \(\mathfrak n\)) corresponds to a differential operator \(\partial(\varphi)\) on \(\mathfrak n\), and for each positive integer \(m\), one may consider the so called ``generalized Cayley operator \(D_ m=\varphi^ m\partial(\varphi)^ m\). Since \(C\) is open, one may regard \(D_ m\) as a differential operator on \(C\). Let \(G=NAK\) be the Iwasawa decomposition of \(G\). Then the submanifold \(A\cdot e\) of \(C=G/K\) is transversal to each \(N\)-orbit. Identifying \(A\cdot e\) with \(A\), one has that the \(N\)-radial part of \(D_ m\) is a differential operator on \(A\). This corresponds, via the exponential map, to a polynomial function on \({\mathfrak a}^*\), where \(\mathfrak a\) is the Lie algebra of \(A\). This polynomial, after a standard \(\rho\)-shift, becomes a \(W\)-invariant polynomial \(p_ m\), where \(W\) is the Weyl group of \(\mathfrak a\) in \(K\). The main result of the paper is an explicit formula for \(p_ m\). This leads to some differential identities. When the cone of \(n\times n\) positive definite Hermitian matrices is considered, a particular choice of the ingredients of these identities gives precisely the classical Capelli identity \(\text{det}(\pi_{ij}+(n- i)\delta_{ij})=\text{det}(x_{ij})\text{det}(\partial_{ij})\), (where \(\pi_{ij}=\sum^ n_{k=1}x_{ki}\partial_{kj})\) of two differential operators on the \(n^ 2\)-dimensional space of \(n\times n\) real matrices.

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