The nth reduced BKP hierarchy, the string equation and BW₁+-constraints

DOI10.1007/BF00116521MaRDI QIDQ1815378zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Johan W. van de Leur

Publication date 10 November 1996

Published in Acta Applicandae Mathematicae (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/9411067

zbMATH Keywords

\(n\)-reduced BKP hierarchyaffine Lie algebrabasic modulestring equationvertex operatorsVirasoro algebra

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Infinite-dimensional Lie (super)algebras (17B65) Virasoro and related algebras (17B68) Completely integrable finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems, integration methods, integrability tests (37J35) Completely integrable infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, integration methods, integrability tests, integrable hierarchies (KdV, KP, Toda, etc.) (37K10)

Abstract: We study the BKP hierarchy and its $n$--reduction, for the case that $n$ is odd. This is related to the principal realization of the basic module of the twisted affine Lie algebra $hat{sl}_n^{(2)}$. We show that the following two statements for a BKP $au$ function are equivalent: (1) $au$ is is $n$--reduced and satisfies the string equation, i.e. $L_{-1}au=0$, where $L_{-1}$ is an element of some `natural' Virasoro algebra. (2) $au$ satisfies the vacuum constraints of the $B{W}_{1+infty}$ algebra. Here $B{W}_{1+infty}$ is the natural analog of the $W_{1+infty}$ algebra, which plays a role in the KP case.

Review text

In recent years KdV-type hierarchies have been related to 2D gravity. The square root of the partition function of the hermitian \((n-1)\)-matrix model in the continuum limit is the \(\tau\)-function of the \(n\)-reduced KP hierarchy. The partition function is characterized by the string equation \(L_{-1}\tau=0\), where \(L_{-1}\) is an element of the Virasoro algebra naturally associated with the principal realization of the affine Lie algebra \(A^{(1)}_{n-1}\). It is known that the \(n\)-reduced KP hierarchy together with the string equation imply more general constraints for a \(\tau\)-function, namely the vacuum constraints of the \(W_{1+\infty}\) algebra, the central extension of the Lie algebra of differential operators on \(\mathbb{C}^x\). In the paper the author studies an analogous problem for the \(n\)-reduced BKP hierarchy, where \(n\) is assumed to be odd. This reduction is related to the principal realization of the basic module over the affine Lie algebra \(A^{(2)}_{n-1}\). The main theorem is as follows. If one poses the constraint that the \(\tau\)-function satisfies the string equation \(L_{-1}\tau=0\) for the naturally attached Virasoro algebra, then \(\tau\) also satisfies the vacuum constraints of the so-called \(BW_{1+\infty}\) algebra, which is described as a subalgebra of \(W_{1+\infty}\) consisting of the anti-symmetric elements under an anti-involution on \(W_{1+\infty}\).

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Cited in

(23)

• New exact complex traveling wave solutions for \((2+1)\)-dimensional BKP equation
• Additional symmetries and string equation of the CKP hierarchy
• On the BKP hierarchy: Additional symmetries, Fay identity and Adler-Shiota-Van Moerbeke formula
• Analytic solutions of the (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equations using the sine-cosine method
• KdV type hierarchies, the string equation and \(W_{1+\infty}\) constraints
• The \([n_ 1, n_ 2, \dots, n_ s]\)-th reduced KP hierarchy and \(W_{1+ \infty}\) constraints
• Integrability, bilinearization and analytic study of new form of \((3 + 1)\)-dimensional B-type Kadomstev-Petviashvili (BKP)-Boussinesq equation
• Extensions on two-component BKP and D type Drinfeld-Sokolov hierarchies
• Around spin Hurwitz numbers
• The (n,1)-reduced DKP hierarchy, the string equation and W constraints
• ON THE STRING EQUATION OF THE BKP HIERARCHY
• Symmetries of the multi-component supersymmetric (ABC)-type KP hierarchies
• The ``ghost symmetry of the BKP hierarchy
• The additional symmetries for the BTL and CTL hierarchies
• \(\mathcal {W}\)-constraints for the total descendant potential of a simple singularity
• QCD, Wick's theorem for KdV \(\tau\)-functions and the string equation
• Bifurcations of travelling wave solutions for the generalized (2+1)-dimensional Boussinesq-Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation
• A new solvable two-matrix model and the BKP tau function
• The degeneration of the breathers for the BKP equation
• \(N = 2\) supersymmetric extension on multi-component D type Drinfeld-Sokolov hierarchy
• Lump chains in the BKP equation
• Algebra of operators for Q-Schur polynomials
• Generalized \(Q\)-functions and \(UC\) hierarchy of \(B\)-type

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