Virtual knot theory
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Publication:1817592
DOI10.1006/EUJC.1999.0314zbMATH Open0938.57006arXivmath/9811028OpenAlexW2156613167WikidataQ29028539 ScholiaQ29028539MaRDI QIDQ1817592FDOQ1817592
Authors: Louis Kauffman 
Publication date: 22 June 2000
Published in: European Journal of Combinatorics (Search for Journal in Brave)
Abstract: Virtual knot theory is a generalization (discovered by the author in 1996) of knot theory to the study of all oriented Gauss codes. (Classical knot theory is a study of planar Gauss codes.) Graph theory studies non-planar graphs via graphical diagrams with virtual crossings. Virtual knot theory studies non-planar Gauss codes via knot diagrams with virtual crossings. This paper gives basic results and examples (such as non-trivial virtual knots with trivial Jones polynomial), studies fundamental group and quandles of virtual knots, extensions of the bracket and Jones polynomials, quantum link invariants with virtual framings, Vassiliev invariants and applications to knots in thickened surfaces.
Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/math/9811028
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