Potential welfare and the sum of individual compensating or equivalent variations

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We investigate under which conditions the sign of the sum of both the individual compensating and equivalent variations correctly indicates changes in potential welfare. Our results reproduce exactly those of \textit{J. S. Chipman} and \textit{J. C. Moore} [Econometrica 48, 401-422 (1980)] for the National Income Test, which did not rely on individual measures of welfare directly related to consumers' preferences: (i) a necessary and sufficient condition for the new test to be valid is that individual preferences are identical and homothetic; and (ii) if the distribution of income is constant and preferences are homothetic, then the new test is valid only if preferences are also identical.











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