The Jacobson radical of semigroup rings of commutative semigroups

commutative semigroup commutative semigroup ring congruence Jacobson radical nil radical p-separative polynomial identity quasi-identity semigroup algebra semilattice of cancellative semigroups separative

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Radicals and radical properties of associative rings (16Nxx) Commutative semigroups (20M14) Semigroup rings, multiplicative semigroups of rings (20M25)

Review text

Recently \textit{W. D. Munn} [Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 93, 237-246 (1983; Zbl 0528.20053)] described the Jacobson radical of a semigroup algebra F[S], where F is a field and S is a commutative semigroup. Earlier \textit{R. Gilmer} and \textit{T. Parker} [Mich. Math. J. 22, 97-108 (1975; Zbl 0301.20064)] described the nil radical of a commutative semigroup ring (another description of that radical is given by \textit{W. D. Munn} [Proc. R. Soc. Edinb., Sect. A 99, 387-398 (1985; Zbl 0565.20048)]. In the paper under review the next step is made - a description of the Jacobson radical of a commutative semigroup ring is given. Let S be a commutative semigroup, and let R be an associative ring (not necessarily commutative). If \(\rho\) is a congruence on S, then \(I(R,S,\rho)=\{\sum (rs-rt)|\) \(r\in R\), (s,t)\(\in \rho \}\). For any ring A, J(A) denotes the Jacobson radical of A. If A is an ideal of a ring B, then \(A_ n=\{x\in B|\) xn\(\in A\}\). Let n, m be positive integers; then \[ J_ n(R)=R\cap J(R[x_ 1,...,x_ n],\quad J_{n,m}(R)=(J_ n(R))_ m. \] A semigroup S is separative (p-separative, p a prime integer) iff the quasi-identity \([x^ 2=xy=y^ 2\Rightarrow x=y]\) (the quasi-identity \(x^ p=y^ p\Rightarrow x=y]\) holds on S. A congruence \(\rho\) on S is separative (p-separative) iff S/\(\rho\) is separative (p-separative). By \(\xi\) (resp. \(\xi_ p)\) is denoted the least separative (p-separative) congruence on S. \(\xi\) gives rise to an epimorphism R[S]\(\to R[S/\xi]\). Since the kernel of that mapping is I(R,S,\(\xi)\) (and hence is known) it is enough to describe J(R[S]) for S separative. So assume that S is separative. Then \(S=\cup S_{\alpha}\) (\(\alpha\in \Gamma)\) is a semilattice of cancellative semigroups \(S_{\alpha}\) (\(\alpha\in \Gamma)\). If this is the case, \(\Gamma\) ' is a subset of \(\Gamma\) : \(\alpha\in \Gamma '\) iff \(S_{\alpha}\) is not periodic. Let \(S_ P\) be a maximal periodic subsemigroup of S, and let \(J(R,S_ P,\Gamma ')=\{\sum a_{\alpha}\in J(R[S_ P])|\) \(a_{\alpha}\in R[(S_{\alpha})_ P]\}\). Let \({\mathbb{P}}\) be the set of all prime integers. The main result of the paper (theorem 3.10) states that, for S separative \[ J(R[S])=J_ 1(R)[S]+\sum_{p\in {\mathbb{P}}}I(J_{1,p}(R),S,\xi_ p)+J(R,S_ P,\Gamma '), \] provided \(J_ 1(R)=J_{n+1}(R)\) for all positive integers n. It is known that \(J_ 1(R)=J_{n+1}(R)\) for all positive n if R satisfies a polynomial identity, therefore the assertion of Theorem 3.10 holds for R commutative.

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