The Ehrenfest fleas: from model to theory

DOI10.1023/B:SYNT.0000021307.64103.B8MaRDI QIDQ1826437zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors D. Costantini, U. Garibaldi

Publication date 6 August 2004

Published in Synthese (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1023/b:synt.0000021307.64103.b8

zbMATH Keywords

Brillouin's approachconditional probabilityEhrenfest urn modelequilibrium distributionstatistical mechanicstransition probability

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Markov chains (discrete-time Markov processes on discrete state spaces) (60J10) Classical equilibrium statistical mechanics (general) (82B05) Quantum equilibrium statistical mechanics (general) (82B10) Population dynamics (general) (92D25)

Review text

The authors propose a generalized Ehrenfest urn model (i.e., \(n\) individuals distributed on \(d\) categories) and develop an abstract theory based on some axioms for the conditional probability \(\text{Pr}\{n(j)| n\}\), where the occupation vector \(n= (n_1,\dots, n_d)\in N^n_d\), \(\sum^d_{j=1} n_j= n\), and \(n(j)\) is the occupation vector resulted from \(n\) increasing or decreasing by \(1\) at the \(j\)th category (\(n(j)\in N^{n+1}_d\) or \(N^{n-1}_d\)). In fact, the exchangeability and invariance (for increasing or decreasing) are assumed in these axioms. Under some additional simple conditions the generalized model yields transition probability and equilibrium distribution. It then can lead to the unified statistics of Bose-Einstein, Fermi-Dirac and Maxwell-Boltzmann and can also follow many applications in population genetics, economics etc. This paper strongly means that the time evolution or explication of many natural phenomena can be given in terms of conditional probabilities, which play an essential role in science.

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