Cyclic dimensions, kernel multiplicities, and Gohberg-Kaashoek numbers

DOI10.1016/S0024-3795(96)90009-9MaRDI QIDQ1913652zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Vladimir Matsaev, V. Olshevsky

Publication date 26 November 1996

Published in Linear Algebra and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3795(96)90009-9

zbMATH Keywords

cyclic dimensionsGohberg-Kaashoek numbersJordan structurekernel multiplicitiesperturbations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Canonical forms, reductions, classification (15A21)

Review text

Let \(A\) be an \(n\times n\) complex matrix. Two quantities are defined: The \(d\)-th cyclic dimension \(r_d (A)\) is the maximal dimension over all \(A\)-invariant subspaces generated by \(d\) vectors. The \(d\)-th kernel multiplicity is the maximal dimension of the kernel of \(f(A)\) over all polynomials \(f(\lambda)\) whose degrees do not exceed \(d\). It is proved that the cyclic dimensions can only increase and the kernel multiplicities can only decrease under small (in the norm) perturbations of \(A\). The Gohberg-Kaashoek numbers \(m_i (A)\) are defined as follows: Let \(m_1 (A, \lambda)\geq m_2 (A, \lambda)\geq \cdots\) be the sizes of the Jordan blocks of \(A\) corresponding to its eigenvalue \(\lambda\); then \(m_i (A)= \sum_{\lambda\in \sigma (A)} m_i (A, \lambda)\). It is proved that \[ r_d (A)= \sum^d_{i=1} m_i (A), \] and a similar relation exists between the kernel multiplicities and the dual sequence of the Gohberg-Kaashoek numbers. Using these relationships, a geometric proof is given for a theorem by \textit{H. Den Boer} and \textit{G. Ph. A. Thijsse} [Integral Equations Oper. Theory 3, 23-42 (1980; Zbl 0433.47007)] and \textit{A. S. Markus} and \textit{E. E. Parilis} [Mat. Issled. 54, 98-109 (1980; Zbl 0453.15010)]; engl. transl. in Linear Algebra Appl. 54, 139-152 (1983; Zbl 0524.15010)] that asserts that the Gohberg-Kaashoek numbers of small perturbations of \(A\) majorize the Gohberg-Kaashoek numbers of \(A\), and that this majorization is the only restriction on the Jordan structure of small perturbations of \(A\).

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Cites work

• A condition for the closeness of the sets of the invariant subspaces of close matrices in terms of their Jordan structures
• CHANGE OF JORDAN STRUCTURE OFG-SELFADJOINT OPERATORS AND SELFADJOINT OPERATOR-VALUED FUNCTIONS UNDER SMALL PERTURBATIONS
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3983386 (Why is no real title available?)
• Inequalities: theory of majorization and its applications
• Semi-stability of sums of partial multiplicities under additive perturbation
• The change of the Jordan structure of a matrix under small perturbations
• Unsolved problems in matrix and operator theory. I: Partial multiplicities and additive perturbations

Cited in

(3)

• Cyclic dimensions, controllability subspaces and Gohberg-Kaashoek numbers
• Lipschitz stability of canonical Jordan bases of \(H\)-selfadjoint matrices under structure-preserving perturbations
• Backward stability of the Schur decomposition under small perturbations

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