Embeddability for 3-dimensional Cauchy-Riemann manifolds and CR Yamabe invariants

DOI10.1215/00127094-1902154MaRDI QIDQ1928331zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Sagun Chanillo, Hung-Lin Chiu, Paul C. Yang

Publication date 3 January 2013

Published in Duke Mathematical Journal (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1007.5020, https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.dmj/1354198149

zbMATH Keywords

Kohn LaplacianCR invariant differential operator3-dimensional CR structureCR Paeneitz operatorglobal embeddability

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

CR structures, CR operators, and generalizations (32V05) Embeddings of CR manifolds (32V30) Analysis on CR manifolds (32V20)

Abstract: Let M^3 be a closed CR 3-manifold. In this paper we derive a Bochner formula for the Kohn Laplacian in which the pseudo-hermitian torsion plays no role. By means of this formula we show that the non-zero eigenvalues of the Kohn Laplacian are bounded below by a positive constant provided the CR Paneitz operator is non-negative and the Webster curvature is positive. Our lower bound for the non-zero eigenvalues is sharp and is attained on S^3. A consequence of our lower bound is that all compact CR 3-manifolds with non-negative CR Paneitz operator and positive CR Yamabe constant are embeddable. Non-negativity of the CR Paneitz operator and positivity of the CR Yamabe constant are both CR invariant conditions and do not depend on conformal changes of the contact form. In addition we show that under the sufficient conditions above for embeddability, the embedding is stable in the sense of Burns and Epstein. We also show that for the Rossi example for non-embedability, the CR Paneitz operator is negative. For CR structures close to the standard structure on $S^3$ we show the CR Paneitz operator is positive on the space of pluriharmonic functions with respect to the standard CR structure on $S^3$.

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