Embeddability for 3-dimensional Cauchy-Riemann manifolds and CR Yamabe invariants
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Publication:1928331
Abstract: Let M^3 be a closed CR 3-manifold. In this paper we derive a Bochner formula for the Kohn Laplacian in which the pseudo-hermitian torsion plays no role. By means of this formula we show that the non-zero eigenvalues of the Kohn Laplacian are bounded below by a positive constant provided the CR Paneitz operator is non-negative and the Webster curvature is positive. Our lower bound for the non-zero eigenvalues is sharp and is attained on S^3. A consequence of our lower bound is that all compact CR 3-manifolds with non-negative CR Paneitz operator and positive CR Yamabe constant are embeddable. Non-negativity of the CR Paneitz operator and positivity of the CR Yamabe constant are both CR invariant conditions and do not depend on conformal changes of the contact form. In addition we show that under the sufficient conditions above for embeddability, the embedding is stable in the sense of Burns and Epstein. We also show that for the Rossi example for non-embedability, the CR Paneitz operator is negative. For CR structures close to the standard structure on we show the CR Paneitz operator is positive on the space of pluriharmonic functions with respect to the standard CR structure on .
It is well known that the question of embeddability of a hypersurface type CR structure has special character in dimension \(3\). In this article, the authors derive sufficient conditions for global embeddability of a \(3\)-dimensional CR manifold into some \(\mathbb C^n\) in terms of CR-covariant differential operators. The main role is played by the CR-Paneitz operator, which is of order \(4\). The main result is that non-negativity of the Paneitz operator together with positivity of the Webster-Tanaka curvature (or of the CR-Yamabe invariant) implies global embeddability. The main ingredient in the proof is a Bochner formula for the Kohn-Laplacian, in which the pseudo-Hermitian torsion does not occur. Via this formula, the above assumptions are sufficient to derive a lower bound on non-zero eigenvalues of the Kohn-Laplacian. This in turn implies closedness of its range and then, via a theorem of Kohn, global embeddability. Finally, the authors prove a result on stability of an embeddable \(3\)-dimensional CR structure.
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