On the topology of free paratopological groups. II

DOI10.1016/J.TOPOL.2012.10.011MaRDI QIDQ1928433zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Ali Elfard, Peter Nickolas

Publication date 3 January 2013

Published in Topology and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1206.5949

zbMATH Keywords

\(T\)-spacefree paratopological groupsparatopological groupsquotient mappingtransitive \(T\)-space

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Other topological algebraic systems and their representations (22A30)

Abstract: Let $FP(X)$ be the free paratopological group on a topological space $X$. For $ninN$, denote by $F{P}_n(X)$ the subset of $FP(X)$ consisting of all words of reduced length at most $n$, and by $i_n$ the natural mapping from $(Xoplus{X}^{-1}opluse{)}^n$ to $F{P}_n(X)$. In this paper a neighbourhood base at the identity $e$ in $F{P}_2(X)$ is found. A number of characterisations are then given of the circumstances under which $i_{2}colon(Xoplus{X}_d^{-1}opluse{)}^{2}oF{P}_2(X)$ is a quotient map, where $X$ is a $T_1$ space and $X_d^{-1}$ denotes the set $X^{-1}$ equipped with the discrete topology. Further characterisations are given in the case where $X$ is a transitive $T_1$ space. Several specific spaces and classes of spaces are also examined. For example, $i_2$ is a quotient for every countable subspace of $R$, $i_2$ is not a quotient for any uncountable compact subspace of $R$, and it is undecidable in ZFC whether an uncountable subspace of $R$ exists for which $i_2$ is a quotient.

Review text

Denoting \(\mathbf{FP}(X)\) as the free paratopological group on a topological space \(X\) and, for each \(n\in \mathbb N, \mathbf {FP}_n(X)\), the subset of \(FP(X)\) consisting of all words of reduced length at most \(n\), the authors consider a natural mapping \(i_{n}: (X\oplus X^{ - 1}\oplus \{e\})^{n}\longrightarrow \mathbf {FP}_{n}(X)\); see Part I of this paper [the authors, Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 44, No. 6, 1103--1115 (2012; Zbl 1262.22002)]. For \(n= 2\), a neighborhood base at the identity \(e\) in \(\mathbf {FP}_{2}(X)\) is obtained. If \(X\) is a \(T_{1}\) space (resp. transitive \(T_{1}\) space) and \(X^{ - 1}_d\) is the set \(X^{ - 1}\) bestowed with the discrete topology, the authors achieve various characterisations under which the natural mapping \(i_2:(X\oplus X^{ - 1}_d\oplus \{e\})^{2}\longrightarrow \mathbf{FP}_2(X)\) is a quotient mapping. Moreover, as applications, several interesting specific spaces and classes of spaces are taken into account to investigate as to whether the natural mapping \(i_{2}\) is a quotient mapping.

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Cited in

(16)

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• Free Abelian paratopological groups over metric spaces
• Addendum to ``\(S_\omega\) and \(S_2\) on free topological groups
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• On the topology of free paratopological groups
• Free paratopological groups
• \(MP\)-equivalence of free paratopological groups
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