Probabilistic Galois theory over p-adic fields

Abstract: We estimate several probability distributions arising from the study of random, monic polynomials of degree

n

with coefficients in the integers of a general

p

-adic field

K_{m a t h f r a k p}

having residue field with

q = p^{f}

elements. We estimate the distribution of the degrees of irreducible factors of the polynomials, with tight error bounds valid when

q > n^{2} + n

. We also estimate the distribution of Galois groups of such polynomials, showing that for fixed

n

, almost all Galois groups are cyclic in the limit

q o i n f t y

. In particular, we show that the Galois groups are cyclic with probability at least

1 - f r a c 1 q

. We obtain exact formulas in the case of

K_{m a t h f r a k p}

for all

p > n

when

n = 2

and

n = 3

.

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