The Liouville property on products of Riemannian manifolds
compact manifold without boundaryLaplace-Beltrami operatorLiouville property of manifoldsparabolic manifoldRiemannian manifoldRiemannian productSchrödinger equationWiener process
Potential theory on Riemannian manifolds and other spaces (31C12) Liouville theorems and Phragmén-Lindelöf theorems in context of PDEs (35B53) Special Riemannian manifolds (Einstein, Sasakian, etc.) (53C25) Elliptic equations on manifolds, general theory (58J05) Diffusion processes and stochastic analysis on manifolds (58J65) Brownian motion (60J65)
This short communication is full of content and well worth reading. First, the author gives an ultra-short summary of the major results regarding the validity and the non-validity of the \(c\)-Liouville property on a Riemannian manifold \(M\) where \(c\) denotes the real non-negative potential of the stationary Schrödinger equation \[ \Delta u-c(x)u\;=\;0.\tag{1} \] Recall that the \(c\)-Liouville property means that all bounded solutions of ({1}) vanish identically. Main sources of the summary are the seminal reviews by \textit{E. B. Davies} [Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 17, 417--436 (1985; Zbl 0583.35032)] and \textit{A. A. Grigor'yan} [J. Sov. Math. 51, No. 3, 2340--2349 (1990); translation from Tr. Semin. Im. I. G. Petrovskogo 14, 66--77 (1989; Zbl 0744.58070); Bull. Am. Math. Soc., New Ser. 36, No. 2, 135--249 (1999; Zbl 0927.58019)]. Basically, everything is well understood in two extreme cases, namely when \(c\) is smooth with compact support -- then the \(c\)-Liouville property holds if and only if \(M\) is of parabolic type; and \(c\) is constant and nowhere vanishing -- then the failure of the \(c\)-Liouville property is equivalent to the stochastic incompleteness of \(M\) (i.e., finite life time of the Wiener process on \(M\)). It is generally believed that a further understanding of the \(c\)-Liouville property may contribute substantially to the classification of non-compact Riemannian manifolds. The author's own contribution in this note is to prove a particular case of a conjecture by A. A. Grogor'yan regarding the preservation of the \(c\)-Liouville property of a non-compact Riemannian manifold under the product with a compact Riemannian manifold regarding a suitably constructed product potential. The proof is based on a previous result of \textit{A. A. Grigor'yan} and \textit{N. S. Nadirashvili} [Sov. Math. 31, No. 5, 31--42 (1987); translation from Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Mat. 1987, No. 5 (300), 25--33 (1987; Zbl 0665.58040)] on variational stability of the Liouville property.
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