Lagrange interpolation with exponential weights on ( -1,1)

Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Interpolation in approximation theory (41A05)

Review text

It is the aim of the authors to study interpolation processes which behave like best approximations in wide subspaces of weighted \(L^p\)-spaces and that are suitable for approximating functions with exponential growth at \(x=\pm 1\). They use weighted \(L^p\)-spaces \(L^p_u\), with \[ u(x)=(1-x^2)^{\mu}e^{-{1\over 2}(1-x^2)^{-\alpha}},\;\alpha>0, \;\mu\geq 0, \;x\in (-1,1), \] and a weight of the form \[ \sigma(x)=(1-x^2)^{\lambda}e^{-(1-x^2)^{-\alpha}},\;\alpha>0, \;\lambda\geq 0, \;x\in (-1,1), \] for the orthonormal system \(\{p_m(\sigma)\}_{m\in\mathbb{N}}\). \vskip0.2cm The main results are as follows. Let \(L_m(w,f)\) be the Lagrange polynomial based on the zeros of \(p_m(w)\) in the space \(C_{\sqrt{w}}\) with \(w(x)=\exp(-(1-x^2)^{-\alpha})\), \(\alpha>0\). The Lebesgue constant is given by \[ ||L_m(w)||_{\infty}=\max_{x\in (-1,1)}\sqrt{w(x)}\sum_{|k|\leq [m/2]}\,{|\ell_k(w,x)|\over\sqrt{w(x)}}, \] and put \({\mathcal L}_m(\sigma,f)=L_m(\sigma,\chi_jf)\), where \(\chi_j\) is the characteristic function of \([-x_j,x_j]\) and \(f\in C_{\mu}\). Then they find amongst other results: a bound on \(||\chi_j{\mathcal L}_m(\sigma,f)u||_{\infty}\) and on \(||f-\chi_j{\mathcal L}_m(\sigma,f)u||_{\infty}\) (Theorem 3.1); for \(u=v^{\mu}\sqrt{w}\), \(\sigma=v^{\lambda}w\), \(1\leq p<\infty\), a bound on \(||\chi_j{\mathcal L}_m(\sigma,f)u||_p\) and on \(||f-\chi_j{\mathcal L}_m(\sigma,f)u||_p\) (Theorem 3.2); for \(u=v^{\mu}\sqrt{w}\), \(\sigma=v^{\lambda}w\), \(1\leq p<4\): a bound on \(||{\mathcal L}_m(\sigma,f)u||_p\) (Theorem 3.5); denoting by \(L_{m,2}^{\ast}(\sigma,f)\) the Lagrange polynomial, where two points are added to the zeros of \(p_m(\sigma)\), \(x_{\pm([m/2]+1)}:=\pm a_m(\sqrt{\sigma})\), a bound on \(||{\mathcal L}_{m,2}(\sigma,f)u||_{\infty}\) and \(||f-{\mathcal L}_{m,2}(\sigma,f)u||_{\infty}\) (Theorem 3.7); for \(u=v^{\mu}\sqrt{w},\sigma=v^{\lambda}w, 1\leq p<\infty\), a bound on \(||{\mathcal L}_m(\sigma,f)u||_p\) (Theorem 3.8); and that the operator \({\mathcal L}_{m,2}(\sigma,f)u\) is uniformly bounded on the Sobolev-type space \(W_r^p(u)\) (Theorem 3.9).

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