Coincidence and common fixed point results on metric spaces endowed with an arbitrary binary relation and applications

Special maps on metric spaces (54E40) Linearly ordered topological spaces, generalized ordered spaces, and partially ordered spaces (54F05) Fixed-point and coincidence theorems (topological aspects) (54H25)

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Let \((X,d)\) be a complete metric space, let \({\mathcal R}\) be a relation over \(X\), and let \({\mathcal S}={\mathcal R}\cup {\mathcal R}^{-1}\) stand for the associated symmetric relation. Further, let \(\Phi\) be the class of all nondecreasing \(\phi:\mathbb R_+\to \mathbb R_+\) with \(\Sigma_n \phi^n(t)< \infty\), \(\forall t> 0\); and, given \(T,g:X\to X\), denote for each \(x,y\in X\): \(M_T(gx,gy)=\max\{d(gx,gy), (1/2)[d(gx,Tx)+d(gy,Ty)], (1/2)[d(gx,Ty)+d(gy,Tx)]\}\). The following is the main result of the author: {Theorem.} Suppose that \(T(X)\subseteq g(X)\), \(g(X)\) is closed, \(T\) is \(g\)-comparative, and there exists \(\phi\in \Phi\) such that \(d(Tx,Ty)\leq \phi(M_T(gx,gy))\), for all \(x,y\in X\) with \(gx{\mathcal S} gy\). Then, \textbf{i)} If, in addition, \((X,d,{\mathcal S})\) is regular and there exists \(x_0\in X\) such that \(gx_0{\mathcal S}Tx_0\), then \({\mathcal C}(g,T):=\{x\in X; gx=Tx\}\) is nonempty, \textbf{ii)} If, in addition to this, \({\mathcal C}(g,T)\) is \({\mathcal S}-g\)-directed and \(T\), \(g\) commute at their coincidence points, then \({\mathcal C}(g,T)\) is a singleton. In particular, when \(g\)=identity, one gets the related fixed point result in \textit{B. Samet} and \textit{M. Turinici} [Commun. Math. Anal. 13, No. 2, 82--97 (2012; Zbl 1259.54024)]. An application of this result to coincidence and common fixed points for cyclic contractive maps is also given, to illustrate its usefulness.

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