Global bifurcation of coexistence state for the competition model in the chemostat

Bifurcations in context of PDEs (35B32) Nonlinear initial, boundary and initial-boundary value problems for linear parabolic equations (35K60) Kinetics in biochemical problems (pharmacokinetics, enzyme kinetics, etc.) (92C45)

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The paper derives the global structure for the coexistence and investigates the steady state solutions of the following reaction-diffusion system in \(N\)-dimensional case: \[ S_t=\Delta S-auf_1(S)-bvf_2(S),\quad x\in\Omega, t>0, \] \[ u_t=\Delta u+auf_1(S),\quad x\in\Omega, t>0, \] \[ v_t=\Delta v+bvf_2(S),\quad x\in\Omega, t>0, \] with boundary conditions \[ {\partial S\over\partial n}+b(x) S=h(x),\quad x\in\partial\Omega, t>0, \] \[ {\partial u\over\partial n}+b(x)u=0,\quad {\partial v\over\partial n}+b(x)v=0,\quad x\in\partial\Omega, t>0, \] where \(\Omega\) is a bounded region in \(\mathbb{R}^N\) (\(N\geq 1\)) with smooth boundary \(\partial\Omega\), \(f_i(S)=S/(a_i+S)\), \(a>0\), \(b>0\) are the maximum growth rates, and \(a_i>0\) is the Michaelis-Menten constant. The system models the competing organism in a chemostat, \(S\) is the concentration of nutrient, \(u\) and \(v\) are the concentrations of the competing species. Monotone method, generalized maximum principle, Sturm-type eigenvalue and a theorem for the global bifurcation are used as tools.

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