Critical points of a singular perturbation problem via reduced energy and local linking

Variational methods applied to PDEs (35A15) Singular perturbations in context of PDEs (35B25) Critical points of functionals in context of PDEs (e.g., energy functionals) (35B38) Nonlinear boundary value problems for linear elliptic equations (35J65)

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The authors consider the following Neumann problem: \[ -\varepsilon^2\Delta u+u-f(u)=0\quad \text{in } \Omega, \qquad u'_\nu=0\quad \text{on} \partial\Omega, \] the generalized solution \(u\in H^1(\Omega)\) of which is the critical point of the functional \(I[u]=\frac{1}{2} \int_\Omega[\varepsilon^2|\nabla u|^2+u^2-2F(u)] dx,\) where \(F'=f\in C^{1,1}(\mathbb R)\), \(F(u)=0\) if \(u<0\), \(F(u)=O_{u\to\infty}(u^{p+1})\), \(1<p<(d+2)/(d-2)\), for \(d=2\), \(1<p<\infty,\) (there are also some other assumptions on \(f\), an example is \(F(u)=u^3/3\)); \(\Omega\subset\mathbb R^d\) is a bounded domain with \(C^3\) boundary, \(\varepsilon\) is a small parameter. The authors prove facts about the asymptotics of critical values of the following type: Theorem 1. There exists a critical point \(u_\varepsilon\) of \(I\) with the critical value \[ c_\varepsilon=\varepsilon^d\{I_0[W]- \gamma_0(\xi_0,\varepsilon) \exp(-2\text{ dist}(\xi_0,\partial\Omega)/\varepsilon)\}, \] where \(\xi_0\in\Omega\) is a point at which \(\text{dist}(\xi_0,\partial\Omega)\) attains its maximum, \(\exists C>0\), \(C\varepsilon^{(d-1)/2}\) \(\leq\gamma_0(\xi_0,\varepsilon)\leq C,\) \(I_0[u]=I[u]|_{\varepsilon=1}\), \(W\) is the unique, positive radially symmetric solution to \(-\Delta W+W-f(W)=0\) in \(\mathbb R^d.\)

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