A topological reconstruction theorem for D^-modules

Duality theorems for analytic spaces (32C37) Sheaves of differential operators and their modules, (D)-modules (32C38) Microlocal methods and methods of sheaf theory and homological algebra applied to PDEs (35A27) Methods of algebraic topology in functional analysis (cohomology, sheaf and bundle theory, etc.) (46M20) Differential complexes (58J10)

Abstract: In this paper, we prove that any perfect complex of

D^{i n f t y}

-modules may be reconstructed from its holomorphic solution complex provided that we keep track of the natural topology of this last complex. This is to be compared with the reconstruction theorem for regular holonomic

D

-modules which follows from the well-known Riemann-Hilbert correspondence. To obtain our result, we consider sheaves of holomorphic functions as sheaves with values in the category of ind-Banach spaces and study some of their homological properties. In particular, we prove that a K"{u}nneth formula holds for them and we compute their Poincar'{e}-Verdier duals. As a corollary, we obtain the form of the kernels of ``continuous cohomological correspondences between sheaves of holomorphic forms. This allows us to prove a kind of holomorphic Schwartz' kernel theorem and to show that $D^{i n f t y} = R H o m t o p (O, O)$ . Our reconstruction theorem is a direct consequence of this last isomorphism. Note that the main problem is the vanishing of the topological Ext's and that this vanishing is a consequence of the acyclicity theorems for DFN spaces which are established in the paper.

Review text

Let $X$ be a complex analytic manifold and let ${\mathcal D}_X$ be the sheaf of differential operators with holomorphic coefficients. In the ordinary ${\mathcal D}_X$-module theory, a coherent ${\mathcal D}_X$-module ${\mathcal M}$ is a differential equation on $X$ and ${\mathcal S}ol({\mathcal M}): ={\mathcal H}om_{{\mathcal D}_X}({\mathcal M},{\mathcal O}_X)$ is the ${\mathcal O}_X$-solution space. In particular, the category of bounded complexes of regular holonomic ${\mathcal D}_X$-modules and that of $\mathbb{C}$-constructible $\mathbb{C}_X$-modules are equivalent (Riemann-Hilbert correspondence) and we have the reconstruction theorem for ${\mathcal M}$: we can obtain ${\mathcal M}$ from its solution complex ${\mathcal S}ol({\mathcal M})$. The purpose of this paper is to extend this reconstruction theorem to perfect complexes of ${\mathcal D}^\infty_X$-modules by taking into account the natural topology of the complex of holomorphic solutions: \[ {\mathcal M}\simeq {\mathcal R}{\mathcal H}omtop ({\mathcal S}ol({\mathcal M}),{\mathcal O}_X)\quad\text{and}\quad{\mathcal D}^\infty_X \simeq {\mathcal R}{\mathcal H}omtop ({\mathcal O}_X,{\mathcal O}_X). \] In order to give a meaning to these formulas, we need to introduce the category of sheaves with values in the category of ind-objects of the category of Banach spaces.

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