A Lefschetz (1,1) theorem for normal projective complex varieties

Algebraic cycles (14C25) Transcendental methods, Hodge theory (algebro-geometric aspects) (14C30) Variation of Hodge structures (algebro-geometric aspects) (14D07) Normal analytic spaces (32C20) Mixed Hodge theory of singular varieties (complex-analytic aspects) (32S35)

Abstract: We prove an analogue of the Lefschetz (1,1) Theorem characterizing cohomology classes of Cartier divisors (or equivalently first Chern classes of line bundles) in the second integral cohomology. Let

X

be a normal complex projective variety. We show that the classes of Cartier divisors in

H^{2} (X, Z)

are precisely the classes

x

such that (i) the image of

x

in

H^{2} (X, C)

(cohomology with complex coefficients) lies in

F^{1} H^{2} (X, C)

(first level of the Hodge filtration for Deligne's mixed Hodge structure), and (ii)

x

is Zariski-locally trivial, i.e., there is a covering of

X

by Zariski open sets

U

such that

x

has zero image in

H^{2} (U, Z)

. For normal quasi-projective varieties, this positively answers a question of Barbieri-Viale and Srinivas (J. Reine Ang. Math. 450 (1994)), where examples are given to show that divisor classes are not characterized by either one of the above conditions (i), (ii), taken by itself, unlike in the case of non-singular varieties. The present paper also contains an example of a non-normal projective variety for which (i) and (ii) do not suffice to characterize divisor classes.

Review text

Let \(X\) be a projective variety over \(\mathbb{C}\) and \(X_{an}\) be the analytic space associated to \(X\). The Lefschetz (1,1) theorem states that if \(X\) is smooth, then \[ \text{NS} (X)= \{\alpha\in H^2(X_{an}, \mathbb{Z}); \alpha_\mathbb{C} \in F^1H^2 (X_{an}, \mathbb{Z})\}, \] where \(F^\bullet\) denotes the Hodge filtration on the mixed Hodge structure \(H^2(X_{an},\mathbb{Z})\). \textit{L. Barbieri Viale} and \textit{V. Srinivas} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 450, 37-42 (1994; Zbl 0790.14011)] constructed, however, a singular surface \(X\) for which the equality does not hold. In the same paper they ask the following question. Let \(H^1(X, {\mathcal H}_X^1)\) be the subgroup of \(H^2(X_{an}, \mathbb{Z})\) consisting of Zariski-locally trivial cohomology classes. Is \(\text{NS} (X)=\{\alpha\in H^1 (X,{\mathcal H}^1_X)\); \(\alpha_C\in F^1H^2 (X_{an},\mathbb{Z})\}\)? Since \(H^1(X,{\mathcal H}^1_X) =\text{NS}(X)\) when \(X\) is smooth, the question has a positive answer for smooth projective varieties. The main theorem of the present article answers in the affirmative to the question under the assumption that \(X\) is normal.

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