On the arithmetic of power monoids and sumsets in cyclic groups

DOI10.2140/PJM.2021.312.279MaRDI QIDQ1979485zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Austin A. Antoniou, Salvatore Tringali

Publication date 3 September 2021

Published in Pacific Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.10913

zbMATH Keywords

sumsetsproduct setsirreduciblesminimal factorizationsdecompositions into atomspower monoidsBF-monoidsnonunique factorization

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Arithmetic combinatorics; higher degree uniformity (11B30) Additive bases, including sumsets (11B13) Arithmetic theory of semigroups (20M13) Inverse problems of additive number theory, including sumsets (11P70)

Abstract: Let $H$ be a multiplicatively written monoid with identity $1_H$ (in particular, a group). We denote by $mathcal{P}_{mfin,imes}(H)$ the monoid obtained by endowing the collection of all finite subsets of $H$ containing a unit with the operation of setwise multiplication $(X,Y)mapstoxy:xinX,yinY$; and study fundamental features of the arithmetic of this and related structures, with a focus on the submonoid, $mathcal{P}_{extfin,1}(H)$, of $mathcal{P}_{extfin,imes}(H)$ consisting of all finite subsets $X$ of $H$ with $1_{H}inX$. Among others, we prove that $mathcal{P}_{extfin,1}(H)$ is atomic (i.e., each non-unit is a product of irreducibles) iff $1_{H}e{x}^{2}ex$ for every $xinHsetminus{1}_H$. Then we obtain that $mathcal{P}_{extfin,1}(H)$ is BF (i.e., it is atomic and every element has factorizations of bounded length) iff $H$ is torsion-free; and show how to transfer these conclusions to $mathcal{P}_{extfin,imes}(H)$. Next, we introduce "minimal factorizations" to account for the fact that monoids may have non-trivial idempotents, in which case standard definitions from Factorization Theory degenerate. Accordingly, we obtain conditions for $mathcal{P}_{extfin,imes}(H)$ to be BmF (meaning that each non-unit has minimal factorizations of bounded length); and for $mathcal{P}_{extfin,1}(H)$ to be BmF, HmF (i.e., a BmF-monoid where all the minimal factorizations of a given element have the same length), or minimally factorial (i.e., a BmF-monoid where each element has an essentially unique minimal factorization). Finally, we prove how to realize certain intervals as sets of minimal lengths in $mathcal{P}_{extfin,1}(H)$. Many proofs come down to considering sumset decompositions in cyclic groups, so giving rise to an intriguing interplay with Arithmetic Combinatorics.

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Cited in

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