Factorization theory: from commutative to noncommutative settings.
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catenary degreesKrull monoidsmaximal ordersnon-commutative ringsnon-unique factorizationstame degrees
Orders in separable algebras (16H10) Divisibility, noncommutative UFDs (16U30) Groupoids (i.e. small categories in which all morphisms are isomorphisms) (20L05) Free semigroups, generators and relations, word problems (20M05) Arithmetic theory of semigroups (20M13) Semigroup rings, multiplicative semigroups of rings (20M25)
Abstract: We study the non-uniqueness of factorizations of non zero-divisors into atoms (irreducibles) in noncommutative rings. To do so, we extend concepts from the commutative theory of non-unique factorizations to a noncommutative setting. Several notions of factorizations as well as distances between them are introduced. In addition, arithmetical invariants characterizing the non-uniqueness of factorizations such as the catenary degree, the -invariant, and the tame degree, are extended from commutative to noncommutative settings. We introduce the concept of a cancellative semigroup being permutably factorial, and characterize this property by means of corresponding catenary and tame degrees. Also, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for there to be a weak transfer homomorphism from a cancellative semigroup to its reduced abelianization. Applying the abstract machinery we develop, we determine various catenary degrees for classical maximal orders in central simple algebras over global fields by using a natural transfer homomorphism to a monoid of zero-sum sequences over a ray class group. We also determine catenary degrees and the permutable tame degree for the semigroup of non zero-divisors of the ring of upper triangular matrices over a commutative domain using a weak transfer homomorphism to a commutative semigroup.
The authors study questions of non-unique factorization arising in semigroups of non-zero divisors in non-commutative rings. In this case, contrary to the case of commutative rings, several notions of factorizations occur and the authors deal with some of them. They generalize to the non-commutative case several arithmetical invariants related to factorizations, in particular the catenary degree, the tame degree and the \(\omega\)-invariant and prove several properties of these notions, utilizing the language of small categories with a single object. The general theory is then applied in the case of maximal orders in central simple algebras over global fields and rings of upper triangular matrices over commutative domains.
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