Lie-point symmetries preserved by derivative
Consider an ordinary differential equation (ODE) of \(n\)-th order of the form \[ q^{(n)} \, - \, \omega(t,q, \dot{q}, \ldots, q^{(n-1)}) \, = \, 0. \] Assume that the vector field \[ X \, = \, \xi(t,q) \frac{\partial}{\partial t} \, + \, \eta(t,q) \frac{\partial}{\partial q} \] is an infinitessimal generator of a Lie-point symmetry of the considered ODE. The paper establishes conditions such that \(X\) is also an infinitessimal generator of a Lie-point symmetry of the derived ODE: \[ q^{(n+1)} \, - \, \dot{w} \, = \, 0. \] It is shown that this is the case whenever the system \[ \frac{\partial \xi}{\partial q} \, = \, 0, \quad \frac{\partial^2 \eta}{\partial q^2} \, = \, 0, \quad n\frac{\partial^2 \xi}{\partial t^2} - \frac{\partial^2 \eta}{\partial t \partial q} \, = \, 0 \] is satisfied. It is also shown that, up to a particular type of realizations of \(SL_2(\mathbb{R})\) as vector fields in the real plane, no semisimple Lie algebra of symmetries can be preserved by derivative. For the entire collection see [Zbl 1445.53003].
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