Notes on diagonals of the product and symmetric variety of a surface

Abstract: Let

X

be a smooth quasi-projective algebraic surface and let

D e l t a_{n}

the big diagonal in the product variety

X^{n}

. We study cohomological properties of the ideal sheaves

m a t h c a l I_{D e l t a_{n}}^{k}

and their invariants

(m a t h c a l I_{D e l t a_{n}}^{k})^{m a t h f r a k S_{n}}

by the symmetric group, seen as ideal sheaves over the symmetric variety

S^{n} X

. In particular we obtain resolutions of the sheaves of invariants

(m a t h c a l I_{D e l t a_{n}})^{m a t h f r a k S_{n}}

for

n = 3, 4

in terms of invariants of sheaves over

X^{n}

whose cohomology is easy to calculate. Moreover, we relate, via the Bridgeland-King-Reid equivalence, powers of determinant line bundles over the Hilbert scheme to powers of ideals of the big diagonal

D e l t a_{n}

. We deduce applications to the cohomology of double powers of determinant line bundles over the Hilbert scheme with

3

and

4

points and we give universal formulas for their Euler-Poincar'e characteristic. Finally, we obtain upper bounds for the regularity of the sheaves

m a t h c a l I_{D e l t a_{n}}^{k}

over

X^{n}

with respect to very ample line bundles of the form

and of their sheaves of invariants

(m a t h c a l I_{D e l t a_{n}}^{k})^{m a t h f r a k S_{n}}

on the symmetric variety

S^{n} X

with respect to very ample line bundles of the form

m a t h c a l D_{L}

.

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