Symmetry breaking for representations of rank one orthogonal groups. II

DOI10.1007/978-981-13-2901-2MaRDI QIDQ1991077zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Toshiyuki Kobayashi, Birgit Speh

Publication date 29 October 2018

Published in Lecture Notes in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.00158

zbMATH Keywords

branching rulescohomological inductiondifferential operatorsdistribution kernelsLie groupsorthogonal groupsprincipal series representations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to topological groups (22-02) Analysis on real and complex Lie groups (22E30) Representations of Lie and linear algebraic groups over real fields: analytic methods (22E45) Semisimple Lie groups and their representations (22E46) Invariance and symmetry properties for PDEs on manifolds (58J70) Symmetry breaking in quantum theory (81R40)

Abstract: For a pair $(G,G^{\prime })=(O(n+1,1),O(n,1))$ of reductive groups, we investigate intertwining operators (symmetry breaking operators) between principal series representations $I_{d}elta(V,lambda)$ of $G$, and $J_{e}psilon(W,u)$ of the subgroup $G^{\prime }$. The representations are parametrized by finite-dimensional representations $V,W$ of $O(n)$ respectively of $O(n-1)$, characters $delta$, $varepsilon$ of O(1), and $lambda,uinC$. The multiplicty [V:W] of W occurring in the restriction $V{|}_{O(n-1)}$ is either 0 or 1. If $[V:W]e0$ then we construct a holomorphic family of symmetry breaking operators and prove that dim $Ho{m}_{G^{\prime }}(I_{delta}(V,lambda){|}_{G^{\prime }},J_{epsilon}(W,u))$ is nonzero for all the parameters $lambda$, $u$ and $delta$, $epsilon$, whereas if [V:W] = 0 there may exist sporadic differential symmetry breaking operators. We propose a "classification scheme" to find all matrix-valued symmetry breaking operators explicitly,and carry out this program completely when V and W are exterior tensor representations. In conformal geometry, our results yield the complete classification of conformal covariant operators from differential forms on a Riemannian manifold X to those on a submanifold Y in the model space $(X,Y)=(S^n,S^{n-1})$. We use these results to determine symmetry breaking operators for any pair of irreducible representations of G and the subgroup $G^{\prime }$ with trivial infinitesimal character. Furthermore we prove the multiplicity conjecture by Gross and Prasad for tempered principal series representations of $(SO(n+1,1),SO(n,1))$ and also for 3 tempered representations $Pi,pi,varpi$ of $SO(2m+2,1)$, $SO(2m+1,1)$ and $SO(2m,1)$ with trivial infinitesimal character. In connection to automorphic form theory, we apply our main results to find "periods" of irreducible representations of the Lorentz group having nonzero (g, K)-cohomologies.

Review text

These Lecture Notes in Mathematics are the continuation of a thorough study of symmetry breaking operators for representations of rank one orthogonal groups initiated by two leading experts in representation theory of Lie groups. The text under review consists of sixteen chapters for a total of 342 pages, including an introduction, three appendices and a complete list of references. The first volume [the authors, Symmetry breaking for representations of rank one orthogonal groups. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (AMS) (2015; Zbl 1334.22015)] is the 216th publication of the first author since 1986. Let \(G\) be a real reductive Lie group with complexified Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{g}\) and \(K\) a maximal compact subgroup of \(G\). Let \(\Pi\) be a continuous representation of \(G\) on a complete locally convex topological vector space \(\mathcal{H}\). Assume that \(\Pi\) is admissible of finite length and \(\mathcal{H}\) is a Banach space. The group \(G\) acts on the Fréchet space \(\mathcal{H}^\infty\) of smooth vectors. This admissible smooth representation, still denoted by \(\Pi\), is encoded by the underlying \((\mathfrak{g},K)\)-module \(\mathcal{H}_K\) of \(K\)-finite vectors. Write \(\text{Irr}(G)\) for the set of equivalence classes of irreducible admissible smooth representations of \(G\). Let \(G'\subset G\) be a closed subgroup of \(G\). Given an admissible smooth representation \(\pi\) of \(G'\), consider the complex vector space \(\Hom_{G'}(\Pi_{\mid_{G'}},\pi)\) of continuous \(G'\)-intertwinig operators, referred to as symmetry breaking operators. The multiplicity of \(\pi\) occuring in the restriction \(\Pi_{\mid_{G'}}\) of \(\Pi\) to \(G'\) is defined as the (possibly infinite) dimension of \(\Hom_{G^\prime}(\Pi_{\mid_{G'}},\pi)\): \[ m(\Pi,\pi):=\dim_{\mathbb{C}} \Hom_{G'}(\Pi_{\mid_{G^\prime}},\pi) \] Form now on, assume that \(G=\mathrm{O}(n+1,1)\) is the rank one indefinite orthogonal group and \(G'=\mathrm{O}(n,1)\). Let \(P=MAN_+\) be the Langlands decomposition of a minimal parabolic subgroup of \(G\) where \(M\simeq \mathrm{O}(n)\times \mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}\) and \(A\simeq \mathbb{R}_+\). Fix a representation \(V\) of \(\mathrm{O}(n)\), \(\delta\in\{\pm 1\}\) and \(\lambda\in\mathbb{C}\). The corresponding (unnormalized) principal series representation of \(G\) is the representation \(I_\delta(V,\lambda)\) induced from the \(P\)-representation \(V\otimes\delta\otimes \mathbb{C}_\lambda\). It is convenient to identify the representation space of \(I_\delta(V,\lambda)\) with the space of \(C^\infty\)-sections of the \(G\)-equivariant bundle \(G\times_P\mathcal{V}_{\delta,\lambda}\) associated with the \(P\)-representation \(V\otimes \delta\otimes\mathbb{C}_\lambda\). A complete description of the representations \(I_\delta(V,\lambda)\) is given in the first appendix. In particular, \(I_\delta(V,\lambda)\) is either irreducible or of length 2 composition series. In the text under review, the authors determine the multiplicities \(m(\Pi,\pi)\) for all irreducible representations \(\Pi\) of \(G=\mathrm{O}(n+1,1)\) and \(\pi\) of \(G'=\mathrm{O}(n,1)\) with trivial infinitesimal character, and for irreducible principal series representations. Moreover the authors provide a thorough study of symmetry breaking operators for general principal series, including a classification of these operators and an investigation of their distribution kernel. The particular case of spherical principal series representations, i.e when the \(M\)-representation \(V\otimes\delta\) is trivial, was considered in the first volume [loc. cit.]. The lecture notes are organized as follows. The introduction describes the problem of computing symmetry breaking operators and collects the main theorems, Chapter 2 is a review of principal series representations, Chapters 3--4 deal with the general theory of symmetry breaking operators including the special case of representations with trivial infinitesimal character, Chapter 5 discusses distribution kernel of symmetry breaking operators, Chapter 6 connects symmery breaking operators with differential operators and branching rules, Chapter 7 collects useful combinatorial formulas, Chapter 8 revisits Knapp-Stein intertwining operators, Chapter 9 provides a construction of a holomorphic family of regular symmetry breaking operators, Chapter 10 contains proofs of the main theorems, Chapters 11--12 apply the main results to conjectures by Gross and Prasad, and to periods an \((\mathfrak{g},K)\)-cohomology, Chapter 13 provides a conjecture that the main theorems hold in greater generality (i.e not only for \(G=\mathrm{O}(n+1,1)\) and \(G'=\mathrm{O}(n,1)\)), Chapter 14 is an appendix giving a classification of irreducible representations of \(\mathrm{O}(n+1,1)\) and cohomological induction, Chapter 15 is an appendix describing the restriction of representations of \(\mathrm{O}(n+1,1)\) to the connected component \(\mathrm{SO}(n+1,1)\), while Chapter 16 is an appendix dealing with translation functors for \(\mathrm{O}(n+1,1)\).

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Cited in

(40)

• Symmetry breaking operators for the restriction of representations of indefinite orthogonal groups \(O(p,q)\)
• Branching laws of unitary representations associated to minimal elliptic orbits for indefinite orthogonal group \(O(p,q)\)
• Residue families, singular Yamabe problems and extrinsic conformal Laplacians
• Multiplicity in restricting small representations
• Rankin-Selberg periods for spherical principal series
• Symmetry breaking operators for real reductive groups of rank one
• Description of infinite orbits on multiple projective spaces
• Knapp-Stein type intertwining operators for symmetric pairs. II. The translation principle and intertwining operators for spinors
• An extension problem related to the fractional Branson-Gover operators
• Conformally covariant bi-differential operators for differential forms
• Conformal symmetry breaking on differential forms and some applications
• Intertwining operators and the restriction of representations of rank-one orthogonal groups
• Branching problems in reproducing kernel spaces
• Computation of weighted Bergman inner products on bounded symmetric domains and restriction to subgroups
• Symmetry breaking for representations of rank one orthogonal groups
• Conformal symmetry breaking operators for differential forms on spheres
• Distinguished representations of \(\mathrm{SO}(n+1,1)\times \mathrm{SO}(n,1)\), periods and branching laws
• Bounded multiplicity theorems for induction and restriction
• A geometrical point of view for branching problems for holomorphic discrete series of conformal Lie groups
• Symmetry breaking operators for line bundles over real projective spaces
• Positivity of principal matrix coefficients of principal series representations of \(\mathrm{GL}_n(\mathbb{R})\)
• Restriction of irreducible unitary representations of 𝑆𝑝𝑖𝑛(𝑁,1) to parabolic subgroups
• Symmetry breaking operators for strongly spherical reductive pairs
• Conformally covariant differential symmetry breaking operators for a vector bundle of rank 3 on S3
• Description of GL₃-orbits on the quadruple projective spaces
• Computation of weighted Bergman inner products on bounded symmetric domains and Parseval-Plancherel-type formulas under subgroups
• Bounded multiplicity branching for symmetric pairs
• Multiplicity in restricting minimal representations
• Branching of unitary \(\mathrm{O}(1,n+1)\)-representations with non-trivial \((\mathfrak{g},K)\)-cohomology
• Arithmetic branching law and generic \(L\)-packets
• On the intertwining differential operators from a line bundle to a vector bundle over the real projective space
• Explicit Hilbert spaces for the unitary dual of rank one orthogonal groups and applications
• Differential symmetry breaking operators for the pair \((\mathrm{GL}_{n + 1}(\mathbb{R}), \mathrm{GL}_n(\mathbb{R}))\)
• Kobayashi's multiplicity-one theorems in branching laws and orbit philosophy beyond tempered representations
• Multiplicities and associated varieties in representation theory of reductive groups
• The mathematical work of Toshiyuki Kobayashi
• Computation of weighted Bergman inner products on bounded symmetric domains and restriction to subgroups. II
• Recent advances in branching problems of representations
• Orbit structures on real double flag varieties for the Siegel parabolic subgroups
• Shift operators, residue families and degenerate Laplacians

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