Maximum principle for nonlinear parabolic equations

DOI10.1007/S10958-018-4020-9MaRDI QIDQ1991897zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Publication date 2 November 2018

Published in Journal of Mathematical Sciences (New York) (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s10958-018-4020-9

maximum principles nonlinear parabolic equations

Maximum principles in context of PDEs (35B50) Initial-boundary value problems for second-order parabolic equations (35K20) Nonlinear parabolic equations (35K55) Degenerate parabolic equations (35K65) Fokker-Planck equations (35Q84)

Review text

In this paper, the author gives some maximum principles for solutions of some nonlinear parabolic equations. The author considers first, the parabolic equation \[ \mathcal{L}u-u_{t}=f(x,t,u,Du),\text{ in }\Omega\cup\gamma\Omega\tag{1} \] where {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[{\(\bullet\)}] \(\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^n\times(0,\infty)\) is an unbounded open set, \(\partial\Omega=\Gamma(\Omega)\cup\gamma(\Omega)\), \(\Gamma(\Omega)\) is the proper boundary of \(\Omega\) and \(\gamma(\Omega)\) is the top side of the boundary; \item[{\(\bullet\)}] \(\mathcal{L}u=\sum_{i,j=1}^na_{ij}(x,t,u)\partial_i\partial_j u+\sum_{i=1}^nb_{i}(x,t,u)\partial_i u\) is a differential operator with symmetric coefficients and \(\sum_{i,j=1}^na_{ij}(x,t,s)\xi_{i}\xi_{j}>0\), for all \((x,t)\in\Omega\cup\gamma(\Omega)\), \(s\in\mathbb{R}\setminus\{0\}\) and \(\xi=(\xi_1,\dots,\xi_{n})\in\mathbb{R}^n\setminus\{0\}\). \end{itemize}} A function \(u\) is called a solution of the equation (1), if it is continuous in \(\Omega\cup\gamma(\Omega)\), possesses two continuous derivatives on this set with respect to \(x\) and one continuous derivative in \(t\), and satisfies equation (1). It is well known that if the domain \(\Omega\) is bounded, then the maximum principle \[ \sup_{\Omega}|u|\leq\lim_{(x,t)\to\Gamma(\Omega)}\sup|u(x,t)|\tag{2} \] holds for the solution of equation (1). The author gives conditions in which (2) holds for an unbounded domain. Theorem 2.1. provides conditions in which (2) holds for any solution of (1). After that, the author considers the equation \[ \mathcal{L}u-\partial_{t}u=q(x)g(|u|)\operatorname{sign} u,\text{ in }\Omega\cup\gamma\Omega,\tag{3} \] where \(q:\Omega\cup\gamma\Omega\to[0,\infty)\), and \(g:[0,\infty)\to[0,\infty)\) is a locally bounded measurable functions such that \[ \inf_{K}g>0,\tag{4} \] for any compact \(K\subset(0,\infty)\). Theorem 2.2. provides conditions in which (2) holds for any solution of (3). Next, the author considers the nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation \[ \operatorname{div}(u^{\alpha}Du)+\beta(x)Du-u_{t}=q(x)g(u),\text{ in }\Omega\cup\gamma\Omega,\tag{5} \] where \(\alpha>0\) is a real constant, \(\beta:\Omega\cup\gamma\Omega\to\mathbb{R}^n\), \(q:\Omega\cup\gamma\Omega\to[0,\infty)\), \(g:(0,\infty)\to[0,\infty)\), are locally bounded measurable functions such that (4) holds. Because, in general, \(u\) from (5) is interpreted as thermodynamic temperature, it is positive. Therefore (2) becomes \[ \sup_{\Omega}u\leq\lim_{(x,t)\to\Gamma(\Omega)}\sup u(x,t).\tag{6} \] Theorem 2.3 provides conditions in which (6) holds for any solution of (5). Theorem 2.4--2.6 can be regarded as the analogues of Theorems 2.1--2.3 for differential inequalities.

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