Invisible tricorns in real slices of rational maps

DOI10.3934/DCDS.2020340MaRDI QIDQ1995568zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Russell Lodge, Sabyasachi Mukherjee

Publication date 24 February 2021

Published in Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.05071

antiholomorphic dynamics Newton maps tricorn

Functional equations in the complex plane, iteration and composition of analytic functions of one complex variable (30D05) Dynamics of complex polynomials, rational maps, entire and meromorphic functions; Fatou and Julia sets (37F10) Combinatorics and topology in relation with holomorphic dynamical systems (37F20) Bifurcations; parameter spaces in holomorphic dynamics; the Mandelbrot and Multibrot sets (37F46)

Abstract: One of the conspicuous features of real slices of bicritical rational maps is the existence of Tricorn-type hyperbolic components. Such a hyperbolic component is called invisible if the non-bifurcating sub-arcs on its boundary do not intersect the closure of any other hyperbolic component. Numerical evidence suggests an abundance of invisible Tricorn-type components in real slices of bicritical rational maps. In this paper, we study two different families of real bicritical maps and characterize invisible Tricorn-type components in terms of suitable topological properties in the dynamical planes of the representative maps. We use this criterion to prove the existence of infinitely many invisible Tricorn-type components in the corresponding parameter spaces. Although we write the proofs for two specific families, our methods apply to generic families of real bicritical maps.

Review text

Up to a Möbius transformation an anti-holomorphic involution in the complex projective is either \(z\mapsto \bar{z}\) or \(z\mapsto \frac{1}{\bar{z}}\). In this paper the authors study two families of rational maps preserving a real structure. The first family is given by the Newton maps \[ N_a(z)=z-\frac{f_a(z)}{f_a'(z)} \] where \(f_a(z)=(z-1)(z+1)(z-a)(z-\bar{a})\). The map \(N_a\) has real coefficients. Thus it is compatible with the real structure defined by \(z\mapsto \bar{z}\). It has six critical points; four of them are \(1,-1,a,\bar{a}\) and are super-attracting. Here only those parameters \(a\) for which the two remaining critical points are complex conjugate and distinct are considered. The second family is given by the maps \[ f_q(z)=z^2\frac{q-z}{1+\bar{q}z}. \] These maps are compatible with the real structure defined by \(z\mapsto \frac{1}{\bar{z}}\). The authors study hyperbolic components of parameter space of these two families. They are mainly interested in those components whose corresponding maps have a unique attracting cycle compatible with the real structure, i.e., invariant under the anti-holomorphic involution. Such a component is called invisible if it has a boundary arc that does not touch other hyperbolic components and is not bifurcating. The authors exploit the analogy between these maps and quadratic anti-holomorphic polynomials to prove various properties of these invisible components.

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