Extension criteria for homogeneous Sobolev spaces of functions of one variable

Abstract: For each

p > 1

and each positive integer

m

we give intrinsic characterizations of the restriction of the homogeneous Sobolev space

L_{p}^{m} (R)

to an arbitrary closed subset

E

of the real line. We show that the classical one dimensional Whitney extension operator is "universal" for the scale of

L_{p}^{m} (R)

spaces in the following sense: for every

p i n (1, i n f t y]

it provides almost optimal

L_{p}^{m}

-extensions of functions defined on

E

. The operator norm of this extension operator is bounded by a constant depending only on

m

. This enables us to prove several constructive

L_{p}^{m}

-extension criteria expressed in terms of

m^{t h}

order divided differences of functions.

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