Mixed-level column augmented uniform designs

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Publication:2001206



Abstract: Follow-up experimental designs are popularly used in industry. In many follow-up designs, some additional factors with two or three levels may be added in the follow-up stage since they are quite important but may be neglected in the first stage. Such follow-up designs are called mixed-level column augmented designs. In this paper, based on the initial designs, mixed-level column augmented uniform designs are proposed by using the uniformity criterion, wrap-around L2-discrepancy (WD). The multi-stage augmented procedure which adds the additional design points stage by stage is also investigated. We present the analytical expressions and the corresponding lower bounds of the WD of the column augmented designs. It is shown that the column augmented uniform designs are also the optimal designs under the non-orthogonality criterion, E(fNOD). Furthermore, a construction algorithm for the column augmented uniform design is provided. Some examples show that the lower bounds are tight and the construction algorithm is effective.


To explore a nonlinear relationship between factors (inputs) and responses (outputs) a second-order model is often used. Initial designs are good for a rough overview, but the number of runs in the initial design is often smaller than the number of parameters in the second order model. Therefore a follow-up design is needed to collect further information. Initial design together with a follow-up design is called an augmented design. In this paper the authors introduce and investigate several kinds of augmented designs: with additional runs, with additional two- or three-level factors, with an additional blocking factor. When the true relationship between factors and responses is unknown, uniform designs should be preferred. As uniformity criterion the wrap-around \(L_2\)-discrepancy (WD) is used. The authors discuss the best mixed-level column augmented design under the WD-criterion. They present theorems for lower bounds of the WD-criterion. It is further shown that column augmented uniform designs are also optimal under the non-orthogonality criterion \(E(f_{NOD})\). A construction algorithm is presented and some examples show its effectiveness.



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