Best constants in Sobolev and Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequalities on graded groups and ground states for higher order nonlinear subelliptic equations

DOI10.1007/S00526-020-01835-0MaRDI QIDQ2004058zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Nurgissa A. Yessirkegenov, Michael Ruzhansky, N. E. Tokmagambetov

Publication date 14 October 2020

Published in Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.01490

zbMATH Keywords

Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequalitiesgraded Lie groupsnonlinear Schrödinger equationSobolev inequalities

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Analysis on real and complex Lie groups (22E30) Nonlinear higher-order PDEs (35G20) Variational methods for higher-order elliptic equations (35J35) Analysis on other specific Lie groups (43A80)

Abstract: In this paper the dependence of the best constants in Sobolev and Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequalities on the precise form of the Sobolev space norm is investigated. The analysis is carried out on general graded Lie groups, thus including the cases of $mathbb{R}^n$, Heisenberg, and more general stratified Lie groups. The Sobolev norms may be defined in terms of Rockland operators, i.e. the hypoelliptic homogeneous left-invariant differential operators on the group. The best constants are expressed in the variational form as well as in terms of the ground state solutions of the corresponding nonlinear subelliptic equations. The orders of these equations can be high depending on the Sobolev space order in the Sobolev or Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequalities, or may be fractional. Applications are obtained also to equations with lower order terms given by different hypoelliptic operators. Already in the case of $mathbb{R}^n$, the obtained results extend the classical relations by Weinstein to a wide range of nonlinear elliptic equations of high orders with elliptic low order terms and a wide range of interpolation inequalities of Gagliardo-Nirenberg type. However, the proofs are different from those ivy Weinstein because of the impossibility of using the rearrangement inequalities already in the setting of the Heisenberg group. The considered class of graded groups is the most general class of nilpotent Lie groups where one can still consider hypoelliptic homogeneous invariant differential operators and the corresponding subelliptic differential equations.

Review text

The authors show that both the Sobolev and the Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequalities are related to some nonlinear Schrödinger equation with power nonlinearities, and that these inequalities are related to the variational problem for the associated functionals. Indeed, they establish the Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality on graded Lie groups, show the existence of least energy solutions for some nonlinear Schrödinger type equation and establish both the best constants in Sobolev embeddings and in Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequalities.

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Cited in

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• Best constants for Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequalities and applications to nonlinear diffusions.
• Sobolev type inequalities, Euler-Hilbert-Sobolev and Sobolev-Lorentz-Zygmund spaces on homogeneous groups
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