Computing graph gonality is hard

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Publication:2004086



Abstract: There are several notions of gonality for graphs. The divisorial gonality dgon(G) of a graph G is the smallest degree of a divisor of positive rank in the sense of Baker-Norine. The stable gonality sgon(G) of a graph G is the minimum degree of a finite harmonic morphism from a refinement of G to a tree, as defined by Cornelissen, Kato and Kool. We show that computing dgon(G) and sgon(G) are NP-hard by a reduction from the maximum independent set problem and the vertex cover problem, respectively. Both constructions show that computing gonality is moreover APX-hard.


The divisorial gonality of a graph \(G\), denoted by \(\operatorname{dgon}(G)\) is the smallest degree of a divisor of positive rank in the sense of \textit{M. Baker} and \textit{S. Norine} [Adv. Math. 215, No. 2, 766--788 (2007; Zbl 1124.05049)]. The stable gonality \(\operatorname{sgon}(G)\) of a graph \(G\) defined by \textit{G. Cornelissen} et al. [Math. Ann. 361, No. 1--2, 211--258 (2015; Zbl 1341.11034)] is the minimum degree of a finite harmonic morphism from a refinement of \(G\) to a tree. In this paper, it is shown, by a reduction from the maximum independent set problem and the vertex cover problem, respectively that computing \(\operatorname{dgon}(G)\) and \(\operatorname{sgon}(G)\) are NP-hard. Both constructions show that computing gonality is moreover APX-hard. The authors also show that divisorial and stable gonality are unbounded in one another.





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