A combinatorial Li-Yau inequality and rational points on curves

DOI10.1007/S00208-014-1067-XzbMATH Open1341.11034arXiv1211.2681OpenAlexW2080713981MaRDI QIDQ2255277FDOQ2255277

Janne Kool, Gunther Cornelissen, Fumiharu Kato

Publication date: 9 February 2015

Published in: Mathematische Annalen (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We present a method to control gonality of nonarchimedean curves based on graph theory. Let k denote a complete nonarchimedean valued field. We first prove a lower bound for the gonality of a curve over the algebraic closure of k in terms of the minimal degree of a class of graph maps, namely: one should minimize over all so-called finite harmonic graph morphisms to trees, that originate from any refinement of the dual graph of the stable model of the curve. Next comes our main result: we prove a lower bound for the degree of such a graph morphism in terms of the first eigenvalue of the Laplacian and some "volume" of the original graph; this can be seen as a substitute for graphs of the Li-Yau inequality from differential geometry, although we also prove that the strict analogue of the original inequality fails for general graphs. Finally, we apply the results to give a lower bound for the gonality of arbitrary Drinfeld modular curves over finite fields and for general congruence subgroups Gamma of Gamma(1) that is linear in the index [Gamma(1):Gamma], with a constant that only depends on the residue field degree and the degree of the chosen "infinite" place. This is a function field analogue of a theorem of Abramovich for classical modular curves. We present applications to uniform boundedness of torsion of rank two Drinfeld modules that improve upon existing results, and to lower bounds on the modular degree of certain elliptic curves over function fields that solve a problem of Papikian.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1211.2681

zbMATH Keywords

graphsfirst eigenvalueLaplacianharmonic morphismDrinfeld modular curvesgonalityhyperbolic volumenon-Archimedean fieldcongruence subgroups function fieldsrigid analyticstable gonality

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Graphs and linear algebra (matrices, eigenvalues, etc.) (05C50) Drinfel'd modules; higher-dimensional motives, etc. (11G09) [https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/w/index.php?search=%2211G30%22&title=Special%3ASearch&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&ns120=1 Curves of arbitrary genus or genus ( e 1) over global fields (11G30)] Rational points (14G05) Rigid analytic geometry (14G22) Special divisors on curves (gonality, Brill-Noether theory) (14H51) Arithmetic aspects of modular and Shimura varieties (11G18)

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Cited In (20)

• The \(\mathfrak{p}\)-primary uniform boundedness conjecture for Drinfeld modules
• Constructing tree decompositions of graphs with bounded gonality
• Gonality Sequences of Graphs
• Computing graph gonality is hard
• Rational function semifields of tropical curves are finitely generated over the tropical semifield
• Gonality of expander graphs
• On metric graphs with prescribed gonality
• Lifting harmonic morphisms. I: Metrized complexes and Berkovich skeleta
• Problems hard for treewidth but easy for stable gonality
• Multiplicity-free gonality on graphs
• On the scramble number of graphs
• Gonality of abstract modular curves in positive characteristic
• Genus of abstract modular curves with level-\(\ell\) structures
• Graphs of gonality three
• Recognizing hyperelliptic graphs in polynomial time
• Degeneration of Linear Series from the Tropical Point of View and Applications
• Stable divisorial gonality is in NP
• Topology of nonarchimedean analytic spaces and relations to complex algebraic geometry
• Constructing tree decompositions of graphs with bounded gonality
• Treewidth is a lower bound on graph gonality

Uses Software

• ComputeTW

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