The trace method for cotangent sums

DOI10.1016/J.JCTA.2020.105324zbMATH Open1444.11160arXiv2002.06052OpenAlexW3082623713MaRDI QIDQ2005195FDOQ2005195

Authors: Wiktor Ejsmont, Franz Lehner 

Publication date: 7 October 2020

Published in: Journal of Combinatorial Theory. Series A (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: This paper presents a combinatorial study of sums of integer powers of the cotangent which is a popular theme in classical calculus. Our main tool the realization of cotangent values as eigenvalues of a simple self-adjoint matrix with integer matrix. We use the trace method to draw conclusions about integer values of the sums and expand generating functions to obtain explicit evaluations. It is remarkable that throughout the calculations the combinatorics are governed by the higher tangent and arctangent numbers exclusively. Finally we indicate a new approximation of the values of the Riemann zeta function at even integer arguments.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.06052

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zbMATH Keywords

combinatorial identitiesinteger valued polynomialsderivative polynomialshigher tangent numberstrigonometric power sum

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Matrices, determinants in number theory (11C20) Combinatorial identities, bijective combinatorics (05A19) Trigonometric and exponential sums (general theory) (11L03)

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Uses Software

• OEIS

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