A refinement of Peetre's theorem

DOI10.1007/S00025-019-1125-5MaRDI QIDQ2009339zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Publication date 28 November 2019

Published in Results in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s00025-019-1125-5

anisotropic spaces distributions partial differential operator Peetre's theorem Schwartz' kernel theorem

Topological linear spaces of test functions, distributions and ultradistributions (46F05) General theory of partial differential operators (47F05)

Review text

Two classical theorems of \textit{J. Peetre} in [Math. Scand. 7, 211--218 (1959; Zbl 0089.32502); Math. Scand. 8, 116--120 (1960; Zbl 0097.10402)], respectively, characterize linear partial differential operators in an open subset \(\Omega\) of \(\mathbb{R}^N\) in the following coordinate-free manner: \begin{itemize} \item[(i)] A linear mapping \(A:C_c^\infty(\Omega)\rightarrow C_c^\infty(\Omega)\) satisfies \(\mbox{supp}(A\varphi)\subseteq\mbox{supp}\,\varphi\) for all \(\varphi\in C_c^\infty(\Omega)\) if and only if \(A\) is a linear partial differential operator with smooth coefficients, i.e., there is a locally finite family of smooth functions \((a_\alpha)_{\alpha\in\mathbb{N}_0^N}\) on \(\Omega\) such that \(A\varphi=\sum_{\alpha}a_\alpha \partial^\alpha \varphi\), \(\varphi\in C_c^\infty(\Omega)\). \item[(ii)] A linear mapping \(B:C_c^\infty(\Omega)\rightarrow \mathscr{D}'(\Omega)\) satisfies \(\mbox{supp}(B\varphi)\subseteq\mbox{supp}\,\varphi\) for all \(\varphi\in C_c^\infty(\Omega)\) if and only if there is a locally finite family of distributions \((b_\alpha)_{\alpha\in\mathbb{N}_0^N}\) on \(\Omega\) such that \(\mbox{supp}(B\varphi-\sum_{\alpha}b_\alpha \partial^\alpha \varphi)\subseteq \Lambda\), \(\varphi\in C_c^\infty(\Omega)\), where \(\Lambda\subset\Omega\) denotes the so-called (necessarily discrete) set of discontuity points of \(B\). \end{itemize} In this paper, the author generalizes both characterizations of linear partial differential operators to the setting of anisotropic distributions: For \(\Omega\subseteq\mathbb{R}^d\times\mathbb{R}^r\) and \(m,l\in\mathbb{N}_0\cup\{\infty\}\), let \(C_c^{l,m}(\Omega)\) be the space of compactly supported functions on \(\Omega\) which are continuously differentiable up to order \(l\) with respect to \(x\) and up to order \(m\) with respect to \(y\), where \((x,y)\in\mathbb{R}^d\times\mathbb{R}^r\). Then \(C_c^{l,m}(\Omega)\) can be equipped in a natural way with an \textrm{LF}-space topology. By definition, the space of anisotropic distributions (of order \(l\) and \(m\)) is the topological dual space \(\mathscr{D}'_{l,m}(\Omega)\) of \(C_c^{l,m}(\Omega)\). Refinements of the above theorems of Peetre are shown for linear mappings \(A:C_c^{\infty}(\Omega)\rightarrow C_c^{l,m}(\Omega)\), where then \(a_\alpha\in C^{l,m}(\Omega)\) (with the obvious definition of \(C^{l,m}\)), and \(B:C_c^\infty(\Omega)\rightarrow\mathscr{D}'_{m,m}(\Omega)\), where then \(b_\alpha\in\mathscr{D}'_{m,m}(\Omega)\). The proof of the latter statement relies on a version of the Schwartz kernel theorem in the context of anisotropic distributions: for every separately continuous bilinear form \(t\) on \(C_c^\infty(\Omega_1)\times C_c^m(\Omega_2)\) there is a unique \(T\in\mathscr{D}'_{\infty,m}(\Omega_1\times\Omega_2)\) such that \(t(\varphi,\psi)=T(\varphi\otimes\psi)\), \(\varphi\in C_c^\infty(\Omega_1)\), \(\psi\in C_c^m(\Omega_2)\). Additionally, the paper contains some interesting structural results on anisotropic distributions.

Recommendations

Cites work

Cited in

(6)

This page was built for publication: A refinement of Peetre's theorem

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q2009339)