On oscillation of difference equations with continuous time and variable delays

DOI10.1016/J.AMC.2019.02.082MaRDI QIDQ2009398zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors William T. Johnson, E. Braverman

Publication date 28 November 2019

Published in Applied Mathematics and Computation (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.12900

zbMATH Keywords

difference equations with continuous timefunctional equationsnon-oscillationoscillationvariable delays

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Oscillation theory for difference equations (39A21) General theory of functional equations and inequalities (39B05)

Abstract: We consider existence of positive solutions for a difference equation with continuous time, variable coefficients and delays ${\displaystyle }$ x(t+1)-x(t)+ sum_{k=1}^m a_k(t)x(h_k(t))=0, quad a_k(t) geq 0, ~~h_k(t) leq t, quad t geq 0, quad k=1, dots, m. ${\displaystyle }$ We prove that for a fixed $h(t)otequivt$, a positive solution may exist for $a_k$ exceeding any prescribed $M>0$, as well as for constant positive $a_k$ with $h_k(t)leqt-n$, where $ninmathbbN$ is arbitrary and fixed. The point is that for equations with continuous time, non-existence of positive solutions with $infx(t)>0$ on any bounded interval should be considered rather than oscillation. Sufficient conditions when such solutions exist or do not exist are obtained. We also present an analogue of the Gr"{o}nwall-Bellman inequality for equations with continuous time, and examine the question when the equation has no positive non-increasing solutions. Counterexamples illustrate the role of variable delays.

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Cited in

(6)

• Stability and bifurcation for a single-species model with delay weak kernel and constant rate harvesting
• Existence of positive solutions of linear delay difference equations with continuous time
• Impacts of multiple time delays on a gene regulatory network mediated by small noncoding RNA
• Oscillations of deviating difference equations with continuous time and oscillatory coefficients
• Oscillatory difference equations with continuous time and nonmonotone delays
• Existence of uncountably many periodic solutions for second-order superlinear difference equations with continuous time

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