Existence of periodic solutions for a class of second order ordinary differential equations

Periodic solutions to ordinary differential equations (34C25) Averaging method for ordinary differential equations (34C29) Perturbations, asymptotics of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34E10) Nonautonomous smooth dynamical systems (37C60)

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This paper studies the existence of a \(2\pi-\)periodic solution to the equation \[ \ddot{x}+g(x)=\mu^{2n+1}p(t)+\mu^{4n+1}q(t,x,\dot{x},\mu), \] where \(n\) is a positive integer, \(\mu\) is a small parameter, the functions \(p\) and \(q(t,x,y,\mu)\) are smooth with period \(2\pi\) in the variable \(t\), and \[ g(x)=x+x^{2n+1}(b+xh(x)), \] where \(b\neq 0\) and \(h(x)\) is smooth too. After doing a re-scaling in the variables \((x,\dot{x})\), an approximation procedure for periodic solutions via averaging method is applied to solve the problem.

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