Multiplicity and concentration results for a (p, q)-Laplacian problem in R^N

DOI10.1007/S00033-020-01466-7MaRDI QIDQ2026461zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Vincenzo Ambrosio, Dušan Repovš

Publication date 19 May 2021

Published in ZAMP. Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.13629

zbMATH Keywords

\((p,q)\)-Laplacianexistence of positive solutionsLjusternik-Schnirelmann theoryvariational methods

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Existence problems for PDEs: global existence, local existence, non-existence (35A01) Variational methods applied to PDEs (35A15) Positive solutions to PDEs (35B09) Quasilinear elliptic equations with (p)-Laplacian (35J92) Abstract critical point theory (Morse theory, Lyusternik-Shnirel'man theory, etc.) in infinite-dimensional spaces (58E05)

Abstract: In this paper we study the multiplicity and concentration of positive solutions for the following $(p,q)$-Laplacian problem: �egin{equation*} left{ �egin{array}{ll} -Delta_{p} u -Delta_{q} u +V(varepsilon x) left(|u|^{p-2}u + |u|^{q-2}u ight) = f(u) &mbox{ in } mathbb{R}^{N}, \ uin W^{1, p}(mathbb{R}^{N})cap W^{1, q}(mathbb{R}^{N}), quad u>0 mbox{ in } mathbb{R}^{N}, end{array} ight. end{equation*} where $varepsilon>0$ is a small parameter, $1<p<q<N$, $Delt{a}_{r}u=mboxdiv(|ablau{|}^{r-2}ablau)$, with $rinp,q$, is the $r$-Laplacian operator, $V:mathbb{R}^{N}ightarrowmathbbR$ is a continuous function satisfying the global Rabinowitz condition, and $f:mathbbRightarrowmathbbR$ is a continuous function with subcritical growth. Using suitable variational arguments and Ljusternik-Schnirelmann category theory, we investigate the relation between the number of positive solutions and the topology of the set where $V$ attains its minimum for small $varepsilon$.

Review text

The authors use variational arguments and Ljusternik-Schnirelmann category theory to study the problem: \[ -\operatorname{div} \left(\left|\nabla u\right|^{p-2} \nabla u\right)-\operatorname{div}\left(\left|\nabla u\right|^{q-2} \nabla u\right)+V(\varepsilon x) \left(\left| u\right|^{p-2} u+\left| u\right|^{q-2} u\right)=f(u)\text{ in }\mathbb{R}^N,\] with \(u \in W^{1,p}(\mathbb{R}^N)\cap W^{1,q}(\mathbb{R}^N)\), \(u>0\) in \(\mathbb{R}^N\), \(\varepsilon > 0\), \(1 < p < q < N\), \(V:\mathbb{R}^N \to \mathbb{R}\) and \(f:\mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}\). Let \(M_\delta=\{x \in \mathbb{R}^N: \mathrm{dist}(x,M)\leq \delta \}\) for \(\delta>0\), where \(M=\{x \in \mathbb{R}^N : V(x)=V_0 \}\) with \(V_0:=\inf_{x \in \mathbb{R}^N}V(x)\) and \(V\) is a continuous potential satisfying a global Rabinowitz condition [\textit{P. H. Rabinowitz}, Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 43, No. 2, 270--291 (1992; Zbl 0763.35087)]. The authors show that for any \(\delta>0\) there is \(\varepsilon_\delta>0\) such that, for any \(0<\varepsilon <\varepsilon_\delta\), the problem admits at least \(\mathrm{cat}_{M_\delta}(M)\) (i.e., the Ljusternik-Schnirelmann category of \(M\) in \(M_\delta\)) positive solutions, provided that \(f\) has some regularity. They also give some features of these solutions. The result is based on precise comparisons between the category of some sublevel sets of the energy functional associated with the problem and the category of the set \(M\).

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Cited in

(48)

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