Norton algebras of the Hamming graphs via linear characters

DOI10.37236/10251MaRDI QIDQ2030754zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Jia Huang

Publication date 7 June 2021

Published in The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.05711

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zbMATH Keywords

distance regular graphsHamming graph

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Distance in graphs (05C12) Graphs and abstract algebra (groups, rings, fields, etc.) (05C25) Association schemes, strongly regular graphs (05E30) Other nonassociative rings and algebras (17D99)

Abstract: The Norton product is defined on each eigenspace of a distance regular graph by the orthogonal projection of the entry-wise product. The resulting algebra, known as the Norton algebra, is a commutative nonassociative algebra that is useful in group theory due to its interesting automorphism group. We provide a formula for the Norton product on each eigenspace of a Hamming graph using linear characters. We construct a large subgroup of automorphisms of the Norton algebra of a Hamming graph and completely describe the automorphism group in some cases. We also show that the Norton product on each eigenspace of a Hamming graph is as nonassociative as possible, except for some special cases in which it is either associative or equally as nonassociative as the so-called double minus operation previously studied by the author, Mickey, and Xu. Our results restrict to the hypercubes and extend to the halved and/or folded cubes, the bilinear forms graphs, and more generally, all Cayley graphs of finite abelian groups.

Review text

Summary: The Norton product is defined on each eigenspace of a distance regular graph by the orthogonal projection of the entry-wise product. The resulting algebra, known as the Norton algebra, is a commutative nonassociative algebra that is useful in group theory due to its interesting automorphism group. We provide a formula for the Norton product on each eigenspace of a Hamming graph using linear characters. We construct a large subgroup of automorphisms of the Norton algebra of a Hamming graph and completely describe the automorphism group in some cases. We also show that the Norton product on each eigenspace of a Hamming graph is as nonassociative as possible, except for some special cases in which it is either associative or equally as nonassociative as the so-called double minus operation previously studied by \textit{J. Huang} et al. [J. Integer Seq. 20, No. 10, Article 17.10.3, 11 p. (2017; Zbl 1384.05026)]. Our results restrict to the hypercubes and extend to the halved and/or folded cubes, the bilinear forms graphs, and more generally, all Cayley graphs of finite abelian groups.

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Cited in

(4)

• Phylogeny numbers of generalized Hamming graphs
• Lattices, frames and Norton algebras of dual polar graphs
• The associative-commutative spectrum of a binary operation
• The associative-commutative spectrum of a binary operation

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