On good universality and the Riemann hypothesis

(zeta (s)) and (L(s, chi)) (11M06) Nonreal zeros of (zeta (s)) and (L(s, chi)); Riemann and other hypotheses (11M26) Hurwitz and Lerch zeta functions (11M35) Measure-preserving transformations (28D05) Value distribution of meromorphic functions of one complex variable, Nevanlinna theory (30D35) Relations between ergodic theory and number theory (37A44)

Abstract: We use subsequence and moving average ergodic theorems applied to Boole's transformation and its variants and their invariant measures on the real line to give new characterisations of the Lindelh{"o}f Hypothesis and the Riemann hypothesis. These ideas are then used to study the value distribution of Dirichlet L series, and the zeta functions of Dedekind, Hurwitz and Riemann and their derivatives. This builds on earlier work of R. L. using Birkhoff's ergodic theorem and probability theory.

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In the paper, the authors deal with a sequence \((k_n)_{n \geq 1}\in \mathbb{N}\) which is \(L^p\)-good universal (later, for brevity, LPGU; if for each dynamical system \((X,\beta,\mu,T)\) and for each \(g \in L^p(X,\beta,\mu)\) the limit \(l_{T,g}=\lim_{N \to \infty}\frac{1}{N}\sum_{n=0}^{N-1}g(T^{k_n}x)\) exists \(\mu\) almost everywhere), uniformly distributed modulo one sequence \((x_n)_{n=1}^N\) (if \(\lim_{N\to \infty}\frac{1}{N}\#\{1 \leq n \leq N:\{x_n\}\in I\}=|I|\) for every interval \(I \subseteq [O,1)\)), and a sequence of natural numbers \((k_n)_{n \geq 1}\) which is Hartman uniformly distributed on \(\mathbb{Z}\) (later, for brevity, HUD; if it is uniformly distributed among the residue classes modulo \(m\) for each natural number \(m>1\), and for each irrational number \(\alpha\), the sequence \((\{k_n \alpha\})_{n \geq 1}\) is uniformly distributed modulo 1; here \(\{ a\}\) denotes the fractional part of number \(a\)). First several average ergodic type theorems are established. For example, if the meromorphic function \(f\) on the half-plane \(\{z \in \mathbb{C}: \Re(z)>c\}\), \(c \in \mathbb{R}\), satisfying certain additional conditions, and \((k_n)_{n\geq 1}\) is LPGU and HUD, for any \(\{z \in \mathbb{C}: \Re(z)>c\}\setminus \{z \in \mathbb{C}: \Re(z)=c\}\), it holds an equality \[ \lim_{N \to \infty}\frac{1}{N}\sum_{n=0}^{N-1}f(s+iT^{k_n}_{\alpha,\beta}(x))=\frac{\alpha}{\pi}\int_{\mathbb{R}}\frac{f(s+i\tau)}{\alpha^2+(\tau-\beta)^2}d\tau \] for almost all \(x \in \mathbb{R}\). Later, using this theorem, new characterisations of the extended Lindelöf hypothesis are obtained for the Riemann zeta-function, Dirichlet \(L\)-functions, Dedekind zeta-functions over number field, Hurwitz zeta-functions. Later, replacing the LPGU and HUD conditions for sequence \((k_n)_{n \geq 1}\) to be Stoltz sequence, similar limit theorems are proved. Also some examples of LPGU sequences and HUD sequences are given.

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