The Birkhoff-James orthogonality and norm attainment for multilinear maps

Isometric theory of Banach spaces (46B04) Geometry and structure of normed linear spaces (46B20) (Spaces of) multilinear mappings, polynomials (46G25) Operators on Banach spaces (47B01)

Abstract: Very recently, motivated by the result of Bhatia and v{S}emrl which characterizes the Birkhoff-James orthogonality of operators on a finite dimensional Hilbert space in terms of norm attaining points, the Bhatia-v{S}emrl property was introduced. The main purpose of this article is to study the denseness of the set of multilinear maps with the Bhatia-v{S}emrl property which is contained in the set of norm attaining ones. Contrary to the most of previous results which were shown for operators on real Banach spaces, we prove the denseness for multilinear maps on some complex Banach spaces. We also show that the denseness of operators does not hold when the domain space is

c_{0}

for arbitrary range. Moreover, we find plenty of Banach spaces

Y

such that only the zero operator has the Bhatia-v{S}emrl property in the space of operators from

c_{0}

to

Y

.

Review text

The authors say that an element \(x\) of a Banach space \(X\) is Birkhoff-James orthogonal to an element \(y\) (written \(x\perp_B y\)) if \(\|x\|\le \|x+\lambda y\|\) for all \(\lambda\) in \(\mathbb{K}\). Given a norm attaining \(n\)-linear mapping \(A\colon X_1\times\cdots\times X_n\to Y\), the authors use \(M_A\) to denote the set of all \((x_1,\ldots,x_n)\) in \(S_{X_1}\times\cdots\times S_{X_n}\) such that \(\|A\|=\|A(x_1,\ldots,x_n)\|\) and say that a norm-attaining \(n\)-linear mapping \(A\colon X_1\times\cdots\times X_n\to Y\) has the BS property if for any \(n\)-linear mapping \(B\colon X_1\times\cdots\times X_n\to Y\) with \(A\perp_B B\), there exists \((x_1,\ldots,x_n)\) in \(M_A\) such that \(A(x_1,\ldots,x_n) \perp_BB(x_1,\ldots,x_n)\). The set of \(n\)-linear mappings from \(X_1\times\ldots \times X_n\) into \(Y\) with the BS property is denoted by \(\mathrm{BS}(X_1,\ldots, X_n;Y)\). The authors say that a Banach space \(X\) has property quasi-\(\alpha\) if there exist an index set \(I\), \(\{x_\alpha\}_{\alpha\in I}\) in \(S_X\), \(\{x_\alpha^*\}_{\alpha\in I}\) in \(S_{X^*}\) and \(\lambda\colon\{x_\alpha\}_{\alpha\in I}\to\mathbb{R}\) such that \begin{itemize} \item[(i)] \(x_\alpha^*(x_\alpha)=1\) all \(\alpha\in I\), \item[(ii)] \(|x_\alpha^*(x_\beta)|\le \lambda(x_\alpha)<1\) for all \(\alpha,\beta\) in \(I\) with \(\alpha\not=\beta\), \item[(iii)] for every extreme point \(e\) of the unit ball of \(X^{**}\) there is a set \(I_e\) in \(I\) such that \(te\in \overline{\{x_\alpha\}}^{w^*}_{\alpha\in I_e}\) for some \(t\) with \(|t|=1\) and \(r_e:=\sup\{\lambda(x_\alpha):\alpha\in I_e\}<1\). \end{itemize} The authors prove that if \(X_1,\ldots, X_n\) are Banach spaces, each having either property quasi-\(\alpha\) or the Radon-Nikodym property, then \(\mathrm{BS} (X_1,\ldots,x_n;Y)\) is dense in \(\mathcal{L}^n(X_1,\ldots,X_n;Y)\) for every Banach space \(Y\). In the second part of the paper, the authors look at the \(\mathrm{BS}\) property for operators on \(c_0\). They show that if \(Y\) is any Banach space and \(T\) is a norm-attaining operator from \(c_0\) to \(Y\) such that there is a finite subset \(A\) of \(\mathbb{N}\) with \(\|TP_A\|=\|T\|\) and \(\|T(I-P_A)\|<\|T\|\), then \(T\) does not have the BS property. Using this, they show that \(\mathrm{BS}(c_0;Y)\) is not dense in \(\mathcal{L}(c_0;Y)\) for any non-trivial Banach space \(Y\) and that for any Banach space \(Y\), the intersection of \(\mathrm{BS}(c_0;Y)\) with the set of compact operators from \(c_0\) to \(Y\) is the zero operator. Finally, they show that the zero operator is the only operator from \(c_0\) to \(c_0\) with the BS property.

Recommendations

Cites work

Cited in

(6)

This page was built for publication: The Birkhoff-James orthogonality and norm attainment for multilinear maps

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q2033145)