From the Lagrange polygon to the figure eight. I: Numerical evidence extending a conjecture of Marchal

DOI10.1007/S10569-021-10009-9zbMATH Open1466.70021arXiv2012.10759OpenAlexW3134146669WikidataQ113904044 ScholiaQ113904044MaRDI QIDQ2033679FDOQ2033679

Authors: Jean-Philippe Lessard, Renato C. Calleja, C. García-Azpeitia, J. D. Mireles James 

Publication date: 17 June 2021

Published in: Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The present work studies the continuation class of the regular $n$-gon solution of the $n$-body problem. For odd numbers of bodies between $n=3$ and $n=15$ we apply one parameter numerical continuation algorithms to the energy/frequency variable, and find that the figure eight choreography can be reached starting from the regular $n$-gon. The continuation leaves the plane of the $n$-gon, and passes through families of spatial choreographies with the topology of torus knots. Numerical continuation out of the $n$-gon solution is complicated by the fact that the kernel of the linearization there is high dimensional. Our work exploits a symmetrized version of the problem which admits dense sets of choreography solutions, and which can be written as a delay differential equation in terms of one of the bodies. This symmetrized setup simplifies the problem in several ways. On one hand, the direction of the kernel is determined automatically by the symmetry. On the other hand, the set of possible bifurcations is reduced and the $n$-gon continues to the eight after a single symmetry breaking bifurcation. Based on the calculations presented here we conjecture that the $n$-gon and the eight are in the same continuation class for all odd numbers of bodies.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.10759

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zbMATH Keywords

numerical continuationchoreographiesdelay differential equations\(n\)-body problem

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Invariant manifolds for ordinary differential equations (34C45) Celestial mechanics (70F15) Homoclinic and heteroclinic trajectories for nonlinear problems in mechanics (70K44)

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Cited In (3)

• Symmetries and choreographies in families that bifurcate from the polygonal relative equilibrium of the \(n\)-body problem
• Continuation of Gerver's supereight choreography
• Unchained polygons and the \(N\) -body problem

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