Schrödinger equation in moving domains

Existence problems for PDEs: global existence, local existence, non-existence (35A01) Uniqueness problems for PDEs: global uniqueness, local uniqueness, non-uniqueness (35A02) Attractors (35B41) Smoothness and regularity of solutions to PDEs (35B65) Weak solutions to PDEs (35D30) Strong solutions to PDEs (35D35) Time-dependent Schrödinger equations and Dirac equations (35Q41) Moving boundary problems for PDEs (35R37)

Abstract: We consider the Schrodinger equation �egin{equation}label{eq_abstract} ipartial_t u(t)=-Delta u(t)~~~~~ ext{ on }Omega(t) ag{ $a s t$ } end{equation}where $O m e g a (t) s u b s e t m a t h b b R$ is a moving domain depending on the time $t i n [0, T]$ . The aim of this work is to provide a meaning to the solutions of such an equation. We use the existence of a bounded reference domain $O m e g a_{0}$ and a specific family of unitary maps $h^{s} h a r p (t) : L^{2} (O m e g a (t), m a t h b b C) l o n g r i g h t a r r o w L^{2} (O m e g a_{0}, m a t h b b C)$ . We show that the conjugation by $h^{s} h a r p$ provides a newequation of the form �egin{equation}label{eq_abstract2}ipartial_t v= h^sharp(t)H(t)h_sharp(t) v~~~~~ ext{ on }Omega_0 ag{ $a s t a s t$ } end{equation} where $h_{s} h a r p = (h^{s} h a r p)^{- 1}$ . The Hamiltonian $H (t)$ is a magnetic Laplacian operator of the formH(t)=-(div+iA)circ(grad+iA)-|A|^2where $A$ is an explicit magnetic potential depending on the deformation of the domain $O m e g a (t)$ . The formulation eqref{eq_abstract2} enables to ensure the existence of weak and strong solutions of the initial problem eqref{eq_abstract} on $O m e g a (t)$ endowed with Dirichlet boundary conditions. In addition, it also indicates that the correct Neumann type boundary conditions for eqref{eq_abstract} are not the homogeneous but the magnetic onespartial_

u u(t)+ilangle

u| A angle u(t)=0,

even though eqref{eq_abstract} has no magnetic term. All the previous results are also studied in presence of diffusion coefficients as well as magnetic and electric potentials. Finally, we prove some associated byproducts as an adiabatic result for slow deformations of the domain and atime-dependent version of the so-called ``Moser's trick. We use this outcome in order to simplify Equation eqref{eq_abstract2} and to guarantee the well-posedness for slightly less regular deformations of $O m e g a (t)$ .

Review text

The authors consider the Schrödinger equation \[ i\partial_t u(t) = -\Delta u(t) \] on a moving domain $\Omega(t) \subset\mathbb{R}^N$. Dirichlet and magnetic Neumann boundary conditions are considered. The authors use a family of diffeomorphisms which enables to go back to a fixed reference domain $\Omega_0$. Conjugation by this diffeomorphism provides a new equation involving a magnetic Laplacian. This formulation allows to for the existence of both weak and strong solutions to the original Schrödinger equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions. This new formulation also shows that the correct Neumann conditions are the magnetic ones. Finally, the authors show a time dependent version of Moser's trick, where one is interested in finding, for fixed $t$, a diffeomorphism such that the determinant of the Jacobian is independent of $y\in\Omega_0$. An adiabatic result is also provided as an application.

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