An asymptotic vanishing theorem for the cohomology of thickenings

Local cohomology and commutative rings (13D45) Sheaves in algebraic geometry (14F06) Vanishing theorems in algebraic geometry (14F17) Vanishing theorems (32L20)

Abstract: Let

X

be a closed equidimensional local complete intersection subscheme of a smooth projective scheme

Y

over a field, and let

X_{t}

denote the

t

-th thickening of

X

in

Y

. Fix an ample line bundle

m a t h c a l O_{Y} (1)

on

Y

. We prove the following asymptotic formulation of the Kodaira vanishing theorem: there exists an integer

c

, such that for all integers

t g e q s l a n t 1

, the cohomology group

H^{k} (X_{t}, m a t h c a l O_{X_{t}} (j))

vanishes for

k < d i m X

and

j < - c t

. Note that there are no restrictions on the characteristic of the field, or on the singular locus of

X

. We also construct examples illustrating that a linear bound is indeed the best possible, and that the constant

c

is unbounded, even in a fixed dimension.

Review text

Building on their work in [Am. J. Math. 141, No. 2, 531--561 (2019; Zbl 1425.13008)], the authors present a characteristic-free asymptotic version of Kodaira vanishing for thickenings. In particular, they prove the following: Main Theorem. Let \(Y\) be smooth projective scheme over a field, equipped with an ample line bundle \(\mathcal{O}_Y(1)\). Let \(X\) be a closed equidimensional lci subscheme of \(Y\). Then there exists an integer \(c \geq 0\) such that for each \(t \geq 1\) and \(k<\dim\ X\), one has \[ H^k(X_t, \mathcal{O}_{X_t}(j))=0 \text{ for all }j<-ct, \] where, for a closed subscheme \(Z \subseteq Y\), and integer \(j\), we write \(\mathcal{O}_Z(j):=\mathcal{O}_Y(1)^{\otimes j}|_Z\). As a result of the above theorem, they positively answer two questions (7.1 and 7.2) posed by \textit{H. Dao} and \textit{J. Montaño} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 371, No. 5, 3483--3503 (2019; Zbl 1409.13036)] when \(R\) is standard graded with homogeneous maximal ideal \(\mathfrak{m}\), \(I\) is a homogeneous ideal such that \(R/I\) is an lci and \(\lambda(H^k_{\mathfrak{m}}(R/I^t)<\infty\). The authors conclude the paper by providing examples, which show that the inequality in the theorem above is strict and that the theorem may fail if \(X\) is not lci or if \(X\) is lci but not equidimensional.

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