Second derivatives estimate of suitable solutions to the 3D Navier-Stokes equations

Blow-up in context of PDEs (35B44) Smoothness and regularity of solutions to PDEs (35B65) Weak solutions to PDEs (35D30) Navier-Stokes equations (35Q30) Existence, uniqueness, and regularity theory for incompressible viscous fluids (76D03) Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible viscous fluids (76D05)

Abstract: We study the second spatial derivatives of suitable weak solutions to the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in dimension three. We show that it is locally

L^{f r a c 43, q}

for any

q > f r a c 43

, which improves from the current result

L^{f r a c 43, i n f t y}

. Similar improvements in Lorentz space are also obtained for higher derivatives of the vorticity for smooth solutions. We use a blow-up technique to obtain nonlinear bounds compatible with the scaling. The local study works on the vorticity equation and uses De Giorgi iteration. In this local study, we can obtain any regularity of the vorticity without any a priori knowledge of the pressure. The local-to-global step uses a recently constructed maximal function for transport equations.

Review text

This paper is concerned with the following incompressible Navier-Stokes equation (NS)~~~~~~~~ \(\partial_tu+u\cdot \nabla u+ \nabla P=\Delta u\),~~~ \(\mathrm{div} \, u=0\), where \(u:(0,T)\times \mathbb{R}^3 \to \mathbb{R}^3\) denotes the velocity field of a fluid in \(\mathbb{R}^3\), and \(P:(0,T)\times \mathbb{R}^3 \to \mathbb{R}\) represents the pressure. The main result of the paper states that if \(u\) is a smooth solution of (NS) in \((0,T)\times \mathbb{R}^3\) for some \(0<T\le +\infty\) with smooth divergence free initial data \(u_0\in L^2\), then for any integer \(n\ge 0\) and any \(q>1\), the vorticity \(\omega = \mathrm{curl}~u\) satisfies \[ \parallel |\nabla^n \omega |^{4/(n+2)}{\mathbf{1}}_{ \{ |\nabla^n \omega |^{4/(n+2)} >C_nt^{-2}\}}\parallel_{L^{1,q}\Big( (0,T)\times \mathbb{R}^3 \Big)} \le C_{q,n}\Vert u_0\Vert^2_{L^2}, \] for some constants \(C_n, \ C_{q,n}\), uniformly in \(T\). This estimate also holds for suitable weak solutions, with only \(L^2\) divergence free \(u_0\) in the case \(n=1\). As a corollary, if \(u\) is a suitable weak solution in \((0,\infty)\times \mathbb{R}^3\) corresponding to \(u_0\in L^2\), then for any \(q>4/3,\) \(K\subset \subset (0,\infty )\times \mathbb{R}^3\), \(\exists C_{q,K}>0\), such that \[ \parallel \nabla^2 u\parallel_{L^{4/3,q}(K)}\le C_{q,K}\Big( \Vert u_0\Vert^{3/2}_{L^2}+1\Big). \]

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