Second derivatives estimate of suitable solutions to the 3D Navier-Stokes equations (Q2036639)

This paper is concerned with the following incompressible Navier-Stokes equation (NS)~~~~~~~~ \(\partial_tu+u\cdot \nabla u+ \nabla P=\Delta u\),~~~ \(\mathrm{div} \, u=0\), where \(u:(0,T)\times \mathbb{R}^3 \to \mathbb{R}^3\) denotes the velocity field of a fluid in \(\mathbb{R}^3\), and \(P:(0,T)\times \mathbb{R}^3 \to \mathbb{R}\) represents the pressure. The main result of the paper states that if \(u\) is a smooth solution of (NS) in \((0,T)\times \mathbb{R}^3\) for some \(0<T\le +\infty\) with smooth divergence free initial data \(u_0\in L^2\), then for any integer \(n\ge 0\) and any \(q>1\), the vorticity \(\omega = \mathrm{curl}~u\) satisfies \[ \parallel |\nabla^n \omega |^{4/(n+2)}{\mathbf{1}}_{ \{ |\nabla^n \omega |^{4/(n+2)} >C_nt^{-2}\}}\parallel_{L^{1,q}\Big( (0,T)\times \mathbb{R}^3 \Big)} \le C_{q,n}\Vert u_0\Vert^2_{L^2}, \] for some constants \(C_n, \ C_{q,n}\), uniformly in \(T\). This estimate also holds for suitable weak solutions, with only \(L^2\) divergence free \(u_0\) in the case \(n=1\). As a corollary, if \(u\) is a suitable weak solution in \((0,\infty)\times \mathbb{R}^3\) corresponding to \(u_0\in L^2\), then for any \(q>4/3,\) \(K\subset \subset (0,\infty )\times \mathbb{R}^3\), \(\exists C_{q,K}>0\), such that \[ \parallel \nabla^2 u\parallel_{L^{4/3,q}(K)}\le C_{q,K}\Big( \Vert u_0\Vert^{3/2}_{L^2}+1\Big). \]