On the number of Galois orbits of newforms

DOI10.4171/JEMS/1073MaRDI QIDQ2039595zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Ariel Pacetti, Panagiotis Tsaknias, Luis Dieulefait

Publication date 5 July 2021

Published in Journal of the European Mathematical Society (JEMS) (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.10361

zbMATH Keywords

Galois orbitsMaeda's conjecturemodular forms

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Modular and automorphic functions (11F03) Holomorphic modular forms of integral weight (11F11)

Abstract: Counting the number of Galois orbits of newforms in $S_k(Gamm{a}_0(N))$ and giving some arithmetic sense to this number is an interesting open problem. The case $N=1$ corresponds to Maeda's conjecture (still an open problem) and the expected number of orbits in this case is 1, for any $kge16$. In this article we give local invariants of Galois orbits of newforms for general $N$ and count their number. Using an existence result of newforms with prescribed local invariants we prove a lower bound for the number of non-CM Galois orbits of newforms for $Gamm{a}_0(N)$ for large enough weight $k$ (under some technical assumptions on $N$). Numerical evidence suggests that in most cases this lower bound is indeed an equality, thus we leave as a Question the possibility that a generalization of Maeda's conjecture could follow from our work. We finish the paper with some natural generalizations of the problem and show some of the implications that a generalization of Maeda's conjecture has.

Review text

The paper considers an interesting open problem of counting the number of Galois orbits of newforms in \(S_k(\Gamma_0(N))\) and giving some arithmetic sense to the number. The abstract of the paper reads: ``Counting the number of Galois orbits of newforms in \(S_k(\Gamma_0(N))\) and giving some arithmetic sense to this number is an interesting open problem. The case \(N=1\) corresponds to Maeda's conjecture (still an open problem) and the expected number of orbits in this case is \(1\), for any \(k \ge 16\). In this article we give local invariants of Galois orbits of newforms for general \(N\) and count their number. Using an existence result of newforms with prescribed local invariants we prove a lower bound for the number of non-CM Galois orbits of newforms for \(\Gamma_0(N)\) for large enough weight \(k\) (under some technical assumptions on \(N\)). Numerical evidence suggests that in most cases this lower bound is indeed an equality, thus we leave as a question the possibility that a generalization of Maeda's conjecture could follow from our work. We finish the paper with some natural generalizations of the problem and show some of the implications that a generalization of Maeda's conjecture has.

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Cited in

(7)

• A Hecke-equivariant decomposition of spaces of Drinfeld cusp forms via representation theory, and an investigation of its subfactors
• A note on quadratic twisting of epsilon factors for modular forms with arbitrary nebentypus
• An on-average Maeda-type conjecture in the level aspect
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