Periodic Dirac operator with dislocation

General spectral theory of ordinary differential operators (34L05) Eigenvalues, estimation of eigenvalues, upper and lower bounds of ordinary differential operators (34L15) Particular ordinary differential operators (Dirac, one-dimensional Schrödinger, etc.) (34L40) General theory of ordinary differential operators (47E05)

Abstract: We consider a Dirac operator with a dislocation potential on the real line. The dislocation potential is a fixed periodic potential on the negative half-line and the same potential but shifted by real parameter

t

on the positive half-line. Its spectrum has an absolutely continuous part (the union of bands separated by gaps) plus at most two eigenvalues in each non-empty gap. Its resolvent admits a meromorphic continuation onto a two-sheeted Riemann surface. We prove that it has only two simple poles on each open gap: on the first sheet (an eigenvalue) or on the second sheet (a resonance). These poles are called states and there are no other poles. We prove: 1) each state is a continuous function of

t

, and we obtain its local asymptotic; 2) for each

t

states in the gap are distinct; 3) in general, a state is non-monotone function of

t

but it can be monotone for specific potentials; 4) we construct examples of operators, which have: a) one eigenvalue and one resonance in any finite number of gaps; b) two eigenvalues or two resonances in any finite number of gaps; c) two static virtual states in one gap.

Review text

In the paper, the eigenvalues and resonances of a Dirac operator with dislocation potential on the line are investigated. The Dirac operator \[ H_t \begin{pmatrix}f_1\\ f_2\end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix}0& 1\\ -1&0\end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix}f_1'\\ f_2'\end{pmatrix}+V_t \begin{pmatrix}f_1\\ f_2\end{pmatrix} \] with the \(2\times 2\) matrix-valued dislocation potential \[ V_t = V(x)\chi_{(-\infty,0)}(x)+V(x+t)\chi_{(0,\infty)}(x)\,,\quad V(x) = \begin{pmatrix}q_1(x) & q_2(x)\\ q_2(x)&-q_1(x)\end{pmatrix} \] is considered. \(\chi\) is the characteristic function of an interval. The dislocation potential is periodic for \(x<0\); the potential for \(x>0\) is the same as for the negative half-line, but shifted by a parameter \(t\). The absolutely continuous part of the spectrum consists of bands and gaps. The authors prove that in each open gap there are two simple poles of the meromorphic continuation of the resolvent -- either eigenvalues or resonances. For each \(t\) the states in the gap are distinct. They also prove other properties of these states.

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